The Sulphur Cycle: Definitions, Mechanisms and Dynamics

2008 ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donovan P. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Sulphur Cycle

A stationary tropospheric sulphur cycle for Earth system models of intermediate complexit

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Eliseev ◽  
Rustam D. Gizatullin ◽  
Alexandr V. Timazhev
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Coupled Models ◽  
System Models ◽  
Sulphur Cycle ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
Earth System Models

<p>A stationary, computationally efficient  scheme, ChAP-1.0 (Chemistry and Aerosol Processes, version 1.0) for the sulphur cycle in the troposphereis developed. This scheme is envisaged to be implemented into Earth system models of intermediate complexity (EMICs). The scheme accounts for sulphur dioxide emissions into the atmosphere, its deposition to the surface, oxidation to sulphates, and dry and wet deposition of sulphates on the surface.<br>The calculations with the scheme were performed with the anthropogenic emissions of sulphur compounds into the atmosphere for 1850-2000 according to the CMIP5 (Coupled Models Intercomparison Project, phase 5) 'historical' protocol, with the ERA-Interim meteorology, and assuming that natural sources of sulphur into the atmosphere remain unchanged during this period. The model reasonably reproduces characteristics of the tropospheric sulphur cycle known from observations and other simulations (e.g., in the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project phase II (ACCMIP) simulations, Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) reanalysis, and the Meteorological Synthesizing Centre–West of the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP MSC-W) data). In particular, in 1980's and 1990's, , when the global anthropogenic emission of sulphur, global atmospheric burdens of SO<sub>2</sub> and SO<sub>4</sub> account, correspondingly, 0.2 TgS and 0.4 TgS. In our scheme, about half of the emitted sulphur dioxide is deposited to the surface and the rest in oxidised into sulphates. The latter mostly removed from the atmosphere by wet deposition. The lifetime of the SO<sub>2</sub> and SO<sub>4</sub> in the atmosphere is, respectively, 1.0±0.1 days and 4.1±0.3 days.<br>Despite its simplicity, our scheme may be successfully used to simulate sulphur/sulphates pollution in the atmosphere at coarse spatial and time scales and an impact of this pollution to direct radiative effect of sulphates on climate, their respective indirect (cloud- and precipitation-related) effects, as well as an impact of sulphur compounds on the terrestrial carbon cycle.</p>

Iron and sulphur speciation and cycling in the sediments of marine systems located in the arid environment: Case of the northern Red Sea

2021 ◽  
pp. jgs2021-027
Author(s):  
Valeria Boyko ◽  
Jürgen Pätzold ◽  
Alexey Kamyshny
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Gulf Of Aqaba ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reactive Iron ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Sulphur Cycle ◽  
Supplementary Material

High fluxes of iron minerals associated with aeolian dry deposition may result in anomalously high reactive iron content and fast reoxidation of hydrogen sulphide in the sediments that prevents pyrite formation and results in “cryptic” sulphur cycle. In this work, we studied cycling of iron and sulphur in the deep-water (> 800 m water depth) sediments of the Red Sea and its northern extension, Gulf of Aqaba. We found that reactive iron content in the surface sediments of the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea is high, while the content of sulphur-bound iron is very low and decreases with water depth. The presence of pyrite traces and zero-valent sulfur as well as isotopic compositions of sulphate and pyrite, which are consistent with sulphate reduction under substrate-limiting conditions, suggest that cryptic sulfur cycling is likely to be a result of fast reoxidation of hydrogen sulfide rather than microbial sulfate reduction suppression. In the sediments of Shaban Deep, which are overlain with hyper-saline hydrothermal brine, low reactive iron and high organic carbon contents result in a non-cryptic sulphur cycle characterized by preservation of pyrite in the sediments.Thematic collection: This article is part of the Sulfur in the Earth system collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/sulfur-in-the-earth-systemSupplementary material:https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5508155

Introductory remarks

1982 ◽  
Vol 298 (1093) ◽  
pp. 431-432
Keyword(s):  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Sulphur Cycle

The persistence of life on this planet depends on the cycling of the major biological elements - C, H, O, N and S - and it is a truism that microbes play an important, often overriding, part in determining the turnover rate of the biological cycles and hence in determining the biological productivity of various parts of the biosphere. The biological sulphur cycle is no exception to this generalization: microbes play a major quantitative role in the cycling of S in the biosphere and, despite the fact that biologically available sources of sulphur can be locally very abundant, a number of areas of this planet exist in which availability of sulphur limits biological productivity.

The origin of sulphates: an example of sulphur isotopic applications

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 512-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Eckardt
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Isotopic Analysis ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Cold Desert ◽  
Stable Isotope Analyses ◽  
Salt Pans ◽  
Sulphur Cycle ◽  
Isotope Analyses

This review is concerned with the technique of stable isotope analyses (δ34S‰) as a means of studying the sulphur cycle with particular emphasis on the formation of sulphate evaporites such as gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O). Gypsum is found in all settings that promote evaporation, including hot and cold desert environments. The technique of sulphur isotopic analysis lends itself to constraining the primary sources of sulphur as well as associated pathways of sulphur dispersal, which lead to the formation of sulphate. The review features gypsum in caves, salt pans and limestone walls with sulphur sources ranging from the marine environment to bedrock.

BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF THE BLACK SEA ANOXIC ZONE WITH A REFERENCE TO SULPHUR CYCLE

2006 ◽  
pp. 67-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lev N. Neretin ◽  
Igor I. Volkov ◽  
Alexander G. Rozanov ◽  
Tatyana P. Demidova ◽  
Anastasiya S. Falina
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Anoxic Zone ◽  
Sulphur Cycle
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