The β Cell Population in Type 1 Diabetes

2008 ◽  
pp. 19-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Pipeleers ◽  
Peter In 't Veld ◽  
Miriam Pipeleers-Marichal ◽  
Frans Gorus
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Β Cell

scholarly journals Nonlinear Analysis for a Type-1 Diabetes Model with Focus on T-Cells and Pancreatic β-Cells Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Diana Gamboa ◽  
Carlos E. Vázquez ◽  
Paul J. Campos
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Activated Macrophages ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cells

Type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease that has an impact on mortality due to the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β -cells in the islets of Langerhans. Over the past few years, the interest in analyzing this type of disease, either in a biological or mathematical sense, has relied on the search for a treatment that guarantees full control of glucose levels. Mathematical models inspired by natural phenomena, are proposed under the prey–predator scheme. T1DM fits in this scheme due to the complicated relationship between pancreatic β -cell population growth and leukocyte population growth via the immune response. In this scenario, β -cells represent the prey, and leukocytes the predator. This paper studies the global dynamics of T1DM reported by Magombedze et al. in 2010. This model describes the interaction of resting macrophages, activated macrophages, antigen cells, autolytic T-cells, and β -cells. Therefore, the localization of compact invariant sets is applied to provide a bounded positive invariant domain in which one can ensure that once the dynamics of the T1DM enter into this domain, they will remain bounded with a maximum and minimum value. Furthermore, we analyzed this model in a closed-loop scenario based on nonlinear control theory, and proposed bases for possible control inputs, complementing the model with them. These entries are based on the existing relationship between cell–cell interaction and the role that they play in the unchaining of a diabetic condition. The closed-loop analysis aims to give a deeper understanding of the impact of autolytic T-cells and the nature of the β -cell population interaction with the innate immune system response. This analysis strengthens the proposal, providing a system free of this illness—that is, a condition wherein the pancreatic β -cell population holds and there are no antigen cells labeled by the activated macrophages.

scholarly journals One repeated transplantation of allogeneic umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells in type 1 diabetes: an open parallel controlled clinical study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Lu ◽  
Shan-mei Shen ◽  
Qing Ling ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Li-rong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Juvenile Onset ◽  
C Peptide

Abstract Background The preservation or restoration of β cell function in type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains as an attractive and challengeable therapeutic target. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with high capacity of immunoregulation, which emerged as a promising cell-based therapy for many immune disorders. The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of one repeated transplantation of allogeneic MSCs in individuals with T1D. Methods This was a nonrandomized, open-label, parallel-armed prospective study. MSCs were isolated from umbilical cord (UC) of healthy donors. Fifty-three participants including 33 adult-onset (≥ 18 years) and 20 juvenile-onset T1D were enrolled. Twenty-seven subjects (MSC-treated group) received an initial systemic infusion of allogeneic UC-MSCs, followed by a repeat course at 3 months, whereas the control group (n = 26) only received standard care based on intensive insulin therapy. Data at 1-year follow-up was reported in this study. The primary endpoint was clinical remission defined as a 10% increase from baseline in the level of fasting and/or postprandial C-peptide. The secondary endpoints included side effects, serum levels of HbA1c, changes in fasting and postprandial C-peptide, and daily insulin doses. Results After 1-year follow-up, 40.7% subjects in MSC-treated group achieved the primary endpoint, significantly higher than that in the control arm. Three subjects in MSC-treated group, in contrast to none in control group, achieved insulin independence and maintained insulin free for 3 to 12 months. Among the adult-onset T1D, the percent change of postprandial C-peptide was significantly increased in MSC-treated group than in the control group. However, changes in fasting or postprandial C-peptide were not significantly different between groups among the juvenile-onset T1D. Multivariable logistic regression assay indicated that lower fasting C-peptide and higher dose of UC-MSC correlated with achievement of clinical remission after transplantation. No severe side effects were observed. Conclusion One repeated intravenous dose of allogeneic UC-MSCs is safe in people with recent-onset T1D and may result in better islet β cell preservation during the first year after diagnosis compared to standard treatment alone. Trial registration ChiCTR2100045434. Registered on April 15, 2021—retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/

scholarly journals β Cell death and dysfunction during type 1 diabetes development in at-risk individuals

2015 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 1163-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevan C. Herold ◽  
Sahar Usmani-Brown ◽  
Tara Ghazi ◽  
Jasmin Lebastchi ◽  
Craig A. Beam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Diabetes Development

Association of T-cell reactivity with β-cell function in recent onset type 1 diabetes patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Pfleger ◽  
Guido Meierhoff ◽  
Hubert Kolb ◽  
Nanette C. Schloot
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Cell Reactivity ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Onset Type ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
T Cell Reactivity

scholarly journals The challenge of modulating β-cell autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A Atkinson ◽  
Bart O Roep ◽  
Amanda Posgai ◽  
Daniel C S Wheeler ◽  
Mark Peakman
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Β Cell

Use of a systems biology approach to understand pancreatic β-cell death in Type 1 diabetes

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Decio L. Eizirik ◽  
Fabrice Moore ◽  
Daisy Flamez ◽  
Fernanda Ortis
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Systems Biology ◽  
Gene Networks ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Signal Transducer ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Β Cell

Accumulating evidence indicates that β-cells die by apoptosis in T1DM (Type 1 diabetes mellitus). Apoptosis is an active gene-directed process, and recent observations suggest that β-cell apoptosis depends on the parallel and/or sequential up- and down-regulation of hundreds of genes controlled by key transcription factors such as NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) and STAT-1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1). Understanding the regulation of these gene networks, and how they modulate β-cell death and the ‘dialogue’ between β-cells and the immune system, will require a systems biology approach to the problem. This will hopefully allow the search for a cure for T1DM to move from a ‘trial-and-error’ approach to one that is really mechanistically driven.

scholarly journals Autoreactive T effector memory differentiation mirrors β cell function in type 1 diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 128 (8) ◽  
pp. 3460-3474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine Yeo ◽  
Alyssa Woodwyk ◽  
Sanjana Sood ◽  
Anna Lorenc ◽  
Martin Eichmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Effector Memory ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Memory Differentiation

scholarly journals Residual β-cell function after 10 years of autoimmune type 1 diabetes: prevalence, possible determinants, and implications for metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 650-650
Author(s):  
Jin Cheng ◽  
Min Yin ◽  
Xiaohan Tang ◽  
Xiang Yan ◽  
Yuting Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Diabetes Prevalence ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell Function

scholarly journals β-cell self-destruction and extremely complicated and still unknown etiopathogenesis of type 1 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Artur Chwalba ◽  
Aleksandra Pilśniak ◽  
Ewa Otto-Buczkowska
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Β Cell
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