Introduction of Genes Encoding C4 Photosynthesis Enzymes into Rice Plants: Physiological Consequences

2007 ◽  
pp. 100-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice S. B. Ku ◽  
Dongha Cho ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
De-Mao Jiao ◽  
Manuel Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
C4 Photosynthesis ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Genes Encoding

scholarly journals Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Responses of Rice Plants to Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Caterpillar Infestation

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 705
Author(s):  
Yuqi Wang ◽  
Qingsong Liu ◽  
Lixiao Du ◽  
Eric M. Hallerman ◽  
Yunhe Li
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cnaphalocrocis Medinalis ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Rice Leaf Folder ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Metabolome Profiling

Interactions between plants and insect herbivores are important determinants of plant productivity in cultivated and natural agricultural fields. The rice leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) causes tremendous damage to rice production in Asian countries. However, little information is available about how rice plants defend themselves against this destructive pest at molecular and biochemical levels. Here, we observed the transcriptomic and metabolomic differences in rice leaves after 0, 1, 6, 12, and 24 h of being fed by C. medinalis using RNA sequencing and metabolome profiling. Transcriptional analyses showed that gene expression responds rapidly to leaf folder infestation, with the most significant transcriptional changes occurring within 6 h after the initiation of feeding. Metabolite abundance changed more slowly than gene expression. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses indicated that the rice transcriptional response to infestation involved genes encoding protein kinases, transcription factors, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, photosynthesis, and phytohormone signaling. Moreover, the jasmonic acid-dependent signaling pathway triggered by leaf folder herbivory played a vital role in rice defense against this pest. Taken together, our results provide comprehensive insights into the defense system of rice to this species and may inform the development of insect-resistant rice varieties.

scholarly journals Insights into regulation of C2 and C4 photosynthesis in Amaranthaceae/Chenopodiaceae using RNA-Seq

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Siadjeu ◽  
Maximilian Lauterbach ◽  
Gudrun Kadereit
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
C4 Photosynthesis ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Comparative Transcriptome ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
C4 Species ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
C4 Evolution ◽  
Core Genes

Amaranthaceae (incl. Chenopodiaceae) show an immense diversity of C4 syndromes. More than 15 independent origins of C4 photosynthesis, partly in halophytic and/or succulent lineages, and the largest number of C4 species in eudicots signify the importance of this angiosperm lineage in C4 evolution. Here, we conduct RNA-Seq followed by comparative transcriptome analysis of three species from Camphorosmeae representing related clades with different photosynthetic types: Threlkeldiadiffusa (C3), Sedobassiasedoides (C2), and Bassiaprostrata (C4). Results show that B.prostrata belongs to the NADP–ME type and core genes encoding for C4 cycle are significantly up–regulated when compared to Sed.sedoides and T.diffusa, Sedobassiasedoides and B.prostrata share a number of up–regulated C4–related genes, however, two C4 transporters (DIT and TPT) are found significantly up–regulated only in Sed. sedoides. Combined analysis of transcription factors (TFs) of the closely related lineages (Camphorosmeae and Salsoleae) revealed that no C3 specific TFs is higher in C2 species as compared to C4 species, instead the C2 species show their own set of up–regulated TFs. Taken together, our study indicates that the hypothesis of the C2 photosynthesis as a proxy towards C4 photosynthesis is questionable in Sed.sedoides and more in favour of an independent evolutionary stable–state.

scholarly journals Insights into Regulation of C2 and C4 Photosynthesis in Amaranthaceae/Chenopodiaceae Using RNA-Seq

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12120
Author(s):  
Christian Siadjeu ◽  
Maximilian Lauterbach ◽  
Gudrun Kadereit
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
C4 Photosynthesis ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Comparative Transcriptome ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
C4 Species ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
C4 Evolution ◽  
Sedobassia Sedoides ◽  
Core Genes

Amaranthaceae (incl. Chenopodiaceae) shows an immense diversity of C4 syndromes. More than 15 independent origins of C4 photosynthesis, and the largest number of C4 species in eudicots signify the importance of this angiosperm lineage in C4 evolution. Here, we conduct RNA-Seq followed by comparative transcriptome analysis of three species from Camphorosmeae representing related clades with different photosynthetic types: Threlkeldia diffusa (C3), Sedobassia sedoides (C2), and Bassia prostrata (C4). Results show that B. prostrata belongs to the NADP-ME type and core genes encoding for C4 cycle are significantly upregulated when compared with Sed. sedoides and T. diffusa. Sedobassia sedoides and B. prostrata share a number of upregulated C4-related genes; however, two C4 transporters (DIT and TPT) are found significantly upregulated only in Sed. sedoides. Combined analysis of transcription factors (TFs) of the closely related lineages (Camphorosmeae and Salsoleae) revealed that no C3-specific TFs are higher in C2 species compared with C4 species; instead, the C2 species show their own set of upregulated TFs. Taken together, our study indicates that the hypothesis of the C2 photosynthesis as a proxy towards C4 photosynthesis is questionable in Sed. sedoides and more in favour of an independent evolutionary stable state.

Molecular characterization of fatty acid α-hydroperoxide-forming enzyme (α-oxygenase) in rice plants

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Koeduka ◽  
K. Matsui ◽  
Y. Akakabe ◽  
T. Kajiwara
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Expression Vector ◽  
Oxygen Electrode ◽  
Vector System ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Genes Encoding

Genes encoding an α-oxygenase, in Nicotiana tabacum and Arabidopsis thaliana have been recently isolated. However, the reaction mechanism of the enzyme has not so far been elucidated. In this study, a cDNA encoding the fatty acid α-oxygenase gene in rice plants was isolated. The deduced amino acid sequence showed high similarity (63.6%) to that of N. tabacum. The gene was cloned into an expression vector system, pQE-30, and expressed in Escherichia coli as a host cell. Palmitic acid as a substrate was incubated with the lysate of the cells, and the products were analysed by HPLC. A compound formed predominantly by the recombinant enzyme was shown to be n-pentadecanal. By incubating the mixture at 0 °C, 2-hydroperoxypalmitic acid was detected as a primary product and little formation of n-pentadecanal was detected. Furthermore, uptake of molecular oxygen was observed with an oxygen electrode. This indicated that the gene in rice plants encodes the α-oxygenase.

DNA methylation in satellite repeats disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Francastel ◽  
Frédérique Magdinier
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Human Genome ◽  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Satellite Repeats ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Dna Elements ◽  
Near Future

Abstract Despite the tremendous progress made in recent years in assembling the human genome, tandemly repeated DNA elements remain poorly characterized. These sequences account for the vast majority of methylated sites in the human genome and their methylated state is necessary for this repetitive DNA to function properly and to maintain genome integrity. Furthermore, recent advances highlight the emerging role of these sequences in regulating the functions of the human genome and its variability during evolution, among individuals, or in disease susceptibility. In addition, a number of inherited rare diseases are directly linked to the alteration of some of these repetitive DNA sequences, either through changes in the organization or size of the tandem repeat arrays or through mutations in genes encoding chromatin modifiers involved in the epigenetic regulation of these elements. Although largely overlooked so far in the functional annotation of the human genome, satellite elements play key roles in its architectural and topological organization. This includes functions as boundary elements delimitating functional domains or assembly of repressive nuclear compartments, with local or distal impact on gene expression. Thus, the consideration of satellite repeats organization and their associated epigenetic landmarks, including DNA methylation (DNAme), will become unavoidable in the near future to fully decipher human phenotypes and associated diseases.

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