Gravity Settling Chambers

2008 ◽  
pp. 315-360
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Settling

Virus Removal by Filtration

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 253-256
Author(s):  
N Sriramula ◽  
M Chaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cationic Polyelectrolyte ◽  
Electrokinetic Phenomena ◽  
Virus Removal ◽  
Bacterial Virus ◽  
Gravity Settling ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Model Virus ◽  
Good Agreement

An investigation was undertaken on the removal of a model virus, bacterial virus MS2 against Escherichia coli, by sand filtration using untreated, and alum or cationic polyelectrolyte treated media, and uncoagulated as well as alum coagulated influent. Data on discrete virus removal were satisfactorily accounted for by electrokinetic phenomena and diffusion. For virus in association with turbidity, filter coefficients computed from experimental data were in good agreement with those predicted by mechanical straining and gravity settling which were the dominant mechanisms for removal of the turbidity particles to which the viruses attached.

Determination of Dynamic Dispersion Coefficient for Solid Particles Flowing in a Fracture With Consideration of Gravity Effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanan Ding ◽  
Xiaoyan Meng ◽  
Daoyong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Line Source ◽  
Dispersion Coefficient ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Gravity Effect ◽  
Dispersion Coefficients ◽  
Source Condition ◽  
Advection Diffusion Equation ◽  
Gravity Settling

Abstract A robust and pragmatic method has been developed and validated to analytically determine dynamic dispersion coefficients for particles flowing in a parallel-plate fracture, in which gravity settling has been considered due to its significant impact on particle flowing behavior. More specifically, a two-dimensional (2D) advection–diffusion equation together with the initial and boundary conditions has been formulated to describe the flow behavior of finite-sized particles on the basis of coupling the Poiseuille flow with vertical settling. Meanwhile, three types of instantaneous source conditions (i.e., point source, uniform line source, and volumetric line source) have been considered. Explicit expressions, which can directly and time-efficiently calculate dynamic dispersion coefficient, have been derived through the moment analysis and the Green’s function method. By performing the simulation based on the random walk particle tracking (RWPT) algorithm, the newly developed model has been verified to determine particle dispersion coefficients agreeing well with those obtained from the RWPT simulations. It is found that the point source is the most sensitive to gravity effect among different source conditions, while the volumetric line source is affected more than the uniform line source. For particle size larger than its critical value, an increased particle size leads to a decreased asymptotical dispersion coefficient for all the source conditions due to the significant gravity effect, while gravity positively affects the dispersion coefficient at early times for the point source condition. In addition, average flow velocity positively affects the dispersion coefficient for all the source conditions, while the associated gravity effect is influenced only at early times for the point source condition.

Experimental Study on the Impact of Macrosegregation Formation of the Al-Bi Hypermonotectic Alloys

2017 ◽  
Vol 727 ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Zhi Qiang Kang ◽  
Xue Yang ◽  
Guo Hui Feng ◽  
Lin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Solidification Process ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Solidification Microstructure ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Gravity Condition ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Gravity Settling ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Diffusion

The solidification experiments about macrosegregation formation of the Al-10%Bi hyper monotectic alloys under gravity conditions have been carried out. The results showed that the average diameter of the Bi-rich droplets linearly increases and the number density of the Bi-rich droplets exponentially decreases with solidification time under the gravity condition. Because of gravity settling and collisions coagulation between the droplets, area fraction of Bi-rich increased rapidly in the bottom of samples during early solidification. It’s easy to form Bi-rich layer at the bottom of the sample. The analysis demonstrates that nucleation and diffusion growth of drops are the dominant factors influencing the solidification microstructure during the early solidification and the same distribution of Bi-rich in different locations of sample. As the solidification process, gravity migration and collision coagulation beginning to play the leading role, lead to the difference in the distribution of Bi-rich droplets in different locations of sample 90%e5%a2%9e%e5%a4%a7&tjType=sentence&style=&t=increases+gradually" increases gradually in the same time. It caused macrosegregation of the final solidification microstructure under the gravity condition.

Theoretical and Experimental Study of Hydrocyclone Performance and Equivalent Settling Area

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Sabbagh ◽  
Michael G. Lipsett ◽  
Charles R. Koch ◽  
David S. Nobes
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Settling Tank ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Gravity Settling ◽  
Approaches To Study ◽  
Equivalent Area ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solid Liquid Separation

Predicting the performance of a solid-liquid separation process can help in comparing different separators for selection and design. This can be applied to hydrocyclone technology which is used widely in industry due to being an inexpensive device that is easy to operate and maintain and which has no moving parts. Environmental concerns and technological issues in separation processes are motivating the design of higher efficiency systems with less capital and operating costs. There is a need therefore for, methods to compare different separation technologies. In spite of extensive research into hydrocyclone performance, a mathematical model that can predict the performance of a hydrocyclone for comparison with other centrifugal separators is rare in the literature. The main objective of this research is to apply theoretical and experimental approaches to study hydrocyclone performance in order to propose an applicable separation performance model that represents the whole hydrocyclone operating range. A mathematical model is developed to explore the performance of the separator and to predict the hydrocyclone’s equivalent area as compared to a continuous gravity settling tank. A performance chart that can be used for selection and design of hydrocyclones is the result of the model.

Hydrodynamics in a gravity settling vessel: CFD modelling with LDA validation

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1046-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Wan ◽  
B. Bara ◽  
L. Hackman ◽  
J. Czarnecki ◽  
A. Afacan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cfd Modelling ◽  
Gravity Settling

Estimation of airborne fungal flora by the Andersen sampler versus the gravity settling culture plate

1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Sayer ◽  
Dudley B. Shean ◽  
Jamshid Ghosseiri
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Flora ◽  
Culture Plate ◽  
Gravity Settling ◽  
Andersen Sampler

scholarly journals Bench-Scale Enhanced Sludge Washing and Gravity Settling of Hanford Tank S-107 Sludge

10.2172/1185 ◽  
1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
KP Brooks ◽  
JR Bontha ◽  
GR Golcar ◽  
RL Myers ◽  
KG Rappe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bench Scale ◽  
Gravity Settling

scholarly journals Cell isolation and Organoid Culture from Mouse Liver and Small Intestine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenyi Chen ◽  
Qigu Yao ◽  
Ruo Wang ◽  
Yanping Xu ◽  
Jiong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Organoid Culture ◽  
Intrahepatic Bile Ducts ◽  
Tissue Organization ◽  
Intestinal Organoids ◽  
Gravity Settling ◽  
Small Intestinal

Abstract Background: Organoid culture enables disease modeling and drug screening in vitro. Organoids are from organs (e.g., brain, small intestine, kidney, lung, and liver). To facilitate the establishment of liver and small-intestinal organoids, we developed a protocol for collecting cholangiocytes and crypts and culturing organoids.Methods: Cholangiocytes were collected from intrahepatic bile ducts, gallbladder, and crypts from the small intestine using gravity settling and multi-step centrifugation methods, and embedded in Matrigel to grow into three-dimensional spheroids in suitable culture medium. Passaging, cryopreservation, and thawing were performed to assess organoid cell stability. RNA and DNA extraction, as well as immunostaining procedure were optimized. For preclinical modeling, the growth rate of cholangiocyte organoids (cho-orgs) was harmonized.Results: Large amount of Cholangiocytes and small intestine crypts were collected. Cholangiocytes developed into cyst-like structures after 3–4 days in Matrigel. After culture for 1–2 weeks, small-intestinal organoids developed buds and formed a mature structure. Cho-orgs from intrahepatic bile ducts grew more slowly but were longer lasting, expressed the cholangiocyte markers Krt19 and Krt7, and recapitulated the in vivo tissue organization.Conclusions: The protocol takes 2–4 weeks to establish a stable organoid growth system. Organoids could be stably passaged, cryopreserved, and recovered. The organoids retained tissue characteristics, including marker expression.

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