Land Disposal Restrictions

2008 ◽  
pp. 248-257
Keyword(s):  
Land Disposal

Degradation of Oil by Land Disposal

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Tesan ◽  
D. Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Land Disposal ◽  
Micro Organisms

The work presented consists of a test procedure applied at a pilot scale using soil as a biological degradation agent. The experiments described were carried out with oily residues considered as wastes difficult to degrade by other means. The tests were applied to filter cake with activated clay containing 40% oil and oily residues from re-refining of lubricants to give white oils and vaseline. The effect of the amount of moisture is evaluated using a mechanical stirrer to improve the interaction between the wastes and microorganisms. The following are also evaluated: nutrient availability; incorporation of micro-organisms into the soil; introduction of chemical fertilizers; and, injections of sludge from effluent treatment plants.

Clay liner materials for land disposal of hazardous non-metal wastes

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
I. M.-C. Lo ◽  
H. M. Liljestrand ◽  
J. Khim ◽  
Y. Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Organic Anion ◽  
Surface Exchange ◽  
Clay Liner ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Exchange Constants ◽  
Anionic Species ◽  
Surface Ligand ◽  
Land Disposal

Simple land disposal systems for hazardous and mixed wastes contain heavy metal cationic species through precipitation and ion exchange mechanisms but typically fail by releasing soluble organic and inorganic anionic species. To enhance the removal of anions from leachate, clays are modified with coatings of iron or aluminium cations to bridge between the anionic surface and the anionic pollutants. A competitive surface ligand exchange model indicates that surface coatings of 10 meq cation/gm montmorillonite under typical leachate conditions increase the inorganic anion sorption capacity by at least a factor of 6 and increase the intrinsic surface exchange constants by more than a factor of 100. Similarly, metal hydroxide coatings on montmorillonite increase the organic anion sorption capacity by a factor of 9 and increase the intrinsic surface exchange constants by a factor of 20. For historical concentrations of non-metal anions in US hazardous and mixed waste leachate, sorption onto natural clay liner materials is dominated by arsenate sorption. With cation coatings, anion exchange provides an effective removal for arsenate, selenate, phenols, cresols, and phthalates. Engineering applications are presented for the use of modified clays as in situ barriers to leachate transport of anionic pollutants as well as for above ground treatment of recovered leachate.

Land Disposal of Septage (Septic Tank Pumpings)

Pollution ◽  
1973 ◽  
pp. 346-356
Author(s):  
J. J. Kolega ◽  
A. W. Dewey ◽  
R. L. Leonard ◽  
B. J. Cosenza
Keyword(s):  
Septic Tank ◽  
Land Disposal

Peroxide Pre-Oxidation of Recalcitrant Toxic Waste to Enhance Biodegradation

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 367-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Carberry ◽  
T. M. Benzing
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Aqueous Systems ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Soil Systems ◽  
Oxidation Technology ◽  
Land Disposal ◽  
Pre Treatment

Land disposal is required for industrial chemicals which are not readily biodegraded. Such compounds lead to adverse effects on the environment if they escape containment. Recalcitrant and persistent hydrocarbons and chlorinated chemicals are inherently resistant to any degree of biodegradation and cause a growing threat to underground aquifer quality. Hydrogen peroxide is a potentially economical method of pre-oxidation utilized to enhance the biodegradation of persistent and recalcitrant organics in contaminated soil systems. This pre-oxidation technology was examined in a laboratory respirometer using three model toxic organic chemicals: toluene, trichloroethylene and pentachlorophenol. Microbial cultures were selected from contaminated sites for the degradation of each model organic chemical. The rate at which the microbes degraded the organic chemicals in unoxidized aqueous systems was compared to the rate of degradation in peroxide pre-oxidized aqueous systems. Results indicated that pre-oxidation enhanced the biodegradation of trichloroethylene and pentachlorophenol. Toluene, in contrast, was not significantly oxidized by pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide, and its biodegradation rate was not enhanced by the oxidation pre-treatment process.

Coffee Industry Wastes

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gathuo ◽  
P. Rantala ◽  
R. Määttä
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Central American ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Soil Conditioner ◽  
Pollution Loading ◽  
Rural Kenya ◽  
Land Disposal ◽  
Zero Discharge ◽  
Anaerobic Lagoons

Over 120 000 tons coffee is processed per year in Kenya. More than 1200 coffee factories produce a pollution loading equivalent to a staggering population equivalent of over 240 000 000. The coffee industry is therefore the most important industrial polluter in rural Kenya. Pulp, husks and wastewaters are produced. Husks can be directly used as fuel. Wet pulp could be composted and then used as a soil conditioner. Wastewaters have a high BOD5 sometimes even exceeding 9000 mg/l. In India and Central American countries, anaerobic lagoons are mainly used for the treatment of these wastewaters. In Keftya water re-use combined with land disposal with zero discharge has been recommended. However, in all these methods, the desired environmental soundness is rarely achieved. Anaerobic digestion with biogas production is potentially attractive. Fuel generated could be used for drying coffee. About 10 000 GJ of energy is required to dry 1 ton of coffee. The potential yield of biogas from one ton of pulp can be estimated as 131 m3. This is equivalent to 100 litres of petrol in fuel value.

scholarly journals Land disposal potential of tobacco processing residues

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marino José Tedesco ◽  
Márcio Henrique Lauschner ◽  
Clesio Gianello ◽  
Leandro Bortolon ◽  
Claudio Henrique Kray
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Mineral Supplementation ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Land Disposal ◽  
Corn Plants

Brazil is one of the leaders in the production and trading of tobacco leaves in the global market, which results in a large amount of residues that would be recycled and used as soil fertilizers in agriculture. This research aimed to study the land disposal potential and agricultural use of tobacco processing residues (TPRs), their mineralization and the nutrient supply to the plants. The study was carried out in an open area using pots with 32dm³ of a sandy soil (Paleudult), provided with water drainage collectors and tilled with three corn plants each. Eighteen treatments were tested with mineral fertilization, poultry manure (PM), earthworm compost (EC) and increasing rates (0, 7.5, 15, 30 e 60t ha-1) of TPR D (dust) and TPR S (stem fibers).Treatments with TPRs (15t ha-1) plus mineral supplementation two by two (NP, NK and PK) were also tested, with four replications each. The experiment started in 01/15/2004 and conducted until 03/16/2004, when corn plants were harvested. The response curves showed that the residues application rates between 15 and 20t ha-1 are most adequate for the studied soil. The results indicated that both TPRs may be important sources of biomass and potash and have potential to be recycled in the soil, supplying part of the macronutrients required for proper plant growth.

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