Homoatomic Cages and Clusters of the Heavier Group 15 Elements: Neutral Species and Cations

2005 ◽  
pp. 209-229
Author(s):  
Ingo Krossing
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Species ◽  
Group 15

Ultraviolet Absorption of Refractory Elements by a Dual Laser Plasma Method

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 243-246
Author(s):  
J.T. Costello ◽  
W.G. Lynam ◽  
P.K. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Laser Plasma ◽  
Optical Pulse ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Neutral Species ◽  
Plasma Method ◽  
Plasma Technique ◽  
Refractory Elements ◽  
Delay Times ◽  
Dual Laser

AbstractThe dual laser-produced plasma technique for the study of ionic absorption spectra has been developed by the use of two Q-switched ruby lasers to enable independent generation of the absorbing and back-lighting plasmas. Optical pulse handling is used in the coupling cicuits to enable reproducible pulse delays from 250 nsec. to 10 msec, to be achieved. At delay times > 700 nsec. spectra of essentially pure neutral species are observed. The technique is valuable, not only for obtaining the neutral spectra of highly refractory and/or corrosive materials but also for studying behaviour of ionic species as a function of time. Typical spectra are shown in Fig. 1.

Radiation-induced surface decomposition

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 368-369
Author(s):  
M. L. Knotek
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Atomic Structure ◽  
Chemical Bonding ◽  
Neutral Species ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Surface Decomposition ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Electron And Photon ◽  
Surface Bond

Modern surface analysis is based largely upon the use of ionizing radiation to probe the electronic and atomic structure of the surfaces physical and chemical makeup. In many of these studies the ionizing radiation used as the primary probe is found to induce changes in the structure and makeup of the surface, especially when electrons are employed. A number of techniques employ the phenomenon of radiation induced desorption as a means of probing the nature of the surface bond. These include Electron- and Photon-Stimulated Desorption (ESD and PSD) which measure desorbed ionic and neutral species as they leave the surface after the surface has been excited by some incident ionizing particle. There has recently been a great deal of activity in determining the relationship between the nature of chemical bonding and its susceptibility to radiation damage.

scholarly journals Lewis pairing and frustration of group 13/15 elements geometrically enforced by (ace)naphthalene, biphenylene and (thio)xanthene backbones

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Sadek ◽  
Ghenwa Bouhadir ◽  
Didier Bourissou
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Group ◽  
Group 13 ◽  
Group 15

The synthesis, structure, and reactivity of mixed group 13/group 15 compounds (E13 = B, Al, Ga, In, Tl; E15 = N, P, Sb, Bi) featuring a rigid (ace)naphthalene, biphenylene or (thio)xanthene backbone are discussed in this review.

scholarly journals Biomechanical Evaluation of Tarsometatarsal Fusion Comparing Crossing Lag Screws and Lag Screw With Locking Plate

2021 ◽  
pp. 107110072110335
Author(s):  
Sarah Ettinger ◽  
Lisa-Christin Hemmersbach ◽  
Michael Schwarze ◽  
Christina Stukenborg-Colsman ◽  
Daiwei Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locking Plate ◽  
Screw Fixation ◽  
Operative Procedure ◽  
Fixation Technique ◽  
Lag Screw ◽  
Group 15 ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Biomechanical Evaluation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
End Stage

Background: Tarsometatarsal (TMT) arthrodesis is a common operative procedure for end-stage arthritis of the TMT joints. To date, there is no consensus on the best fixation technique for TMT arthrodesis and which joints should be included. Methods: Thirty fresh-frozen feet were divided into one group (15 feet) in which TMT joints I-III were fused with a lag screw and locking plate and a second group (15 feet) in which TMT joints I-III were fused with 2 crossing lag screws. The arthrodesis was performed stepwise with evaluation of mobility between the metatarsal and cuneiform bones after every application or removal of a lag screw or locking plate. Results: Isolated lag-screw arthrodesis of the TMT I-III joints led to significantly increased stability in every joint ( P < .05). Additional application of a locking plate caused further stability in every TMT joint ( P < .05). An additional crossed lag screw did not significantly increase rigidity of the TMT II and III joints ( P > .05). An IM screw did not influence the stability of the fused TMT joints. For TMT III arthrodesis, lag-screw and locking plate constructs were superior to crossed lag-screw fixation ( P < .05). TMT I fusion does not support stability after TMT II and III arthrodesis. Conclusion: Each fixation technique provided sufficient stabilization of the TMT joints. Use of a lag screw plus locking plate might be superior to crossed screw fixation. An additional TMT I and/or III arthrodesis did not increase stability of an isolated TMT II arthrodesis. Clinical Relevance: We report the first biomechanical evaluation of TMT I-III arthrodesis. Our results may help surgeons to choose among osteosynthesis techniques and which joints to include in performing arthrodesis of TMT I-III joints.

Reactions of some Group 15 ligands with [(η5-indenyl)Fe(CO)3]BF4

1993 ◽  
Vol 455 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Brown ◽  
Noel J. Fitzpatrick ◽  
William K. Glass ◽  
Hakim A. Ahmed ◽  
Desmond Cunningham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group 15

scholarly journals Elemental composition and clustering behaviour of α-pinene oxidation products for different oxidation conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 4145-4159 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Praplan ◽  
S. Schobesberger ◽  
F. Bianchi ◽  
M. P. Rissanen ◽  
M. Ehn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Neutral Species ◽  
Mass Spectrometers ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Chemical Ionisation

Abstract. This study presents the difference between oxidised organic compounds formed by α-pinene oxidation under various conditions in the CLOUD environmental chamber: (1) pure ozonolysis (in the presence of hydrogen as hydroxyl radical (OH) scavenger) and (2) OH oxidation (initiated by nitrous acid (HONO) photolysis by ultraviolet light) in the absence of ozone. We discuss results from three Atmospheric Pressure interface Time-of-Flight (APi-TOF) mass spectrometers measuring simultaneously the composition of naturally charged as well as neutral species (via chemical ionisation with nitrate). Natural chemical ionisation takes place in the CLOUD chamber and organic oxidised compounds form clusters with nitrate, bisulfate, bisulfate/sulfuric acid clusters, ammonium, and dimethylaminium, or get protonated. The results from this study show that this process is selective for various oxidised organic compounds with low molar mass and ions, so that in order to obtain a comprehensive picture of the elemental composition of oxidation products and their clustering behaviour, several instruments must be used. We compare oxidation products containing 10 and 20 carbon atoms and show that highly oxidised organic compounds are formed in the early stages of the oxidation.

Design Considerations for the Group 15 Elements: The Pnictogen···π Interaction As a Complementary Component in Supramolecular Assembly Design

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 3531-3536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia M. Cangelosi ◽  
Melanie A. Pitt ◽  
W. Jake Vickaryous ◽  
Corinne A. Allen ◽  
Lev N. Zakharov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supramolecular Assembly ◽  
Assembly Design ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Complementary Component ◽  
Group 15
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