Evaluating the Impact of Emissions Regulations on the Emissions Reduction During the 2015 China Victory Day Parade With an Ensemble Square Root Filter

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (8) ◽  
pp. 4122-4134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kekuan Chu ◽  
Zhen Peng ◽  
Zhiquan Liu ◽  
Lili Lei ◽  
Xingxia Kou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Square Root ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Square Root Filter

scholarly journals Impact of VORTEX2 Observations on Analyses and Forecasts of the 5 June 2009 Goshen County, Wyoming, Supercell

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 429-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy A. Supinie ◽  
Youngsun Jung ◽  
Ming Xue ◽  
David J. Stensrud ◽  
Michael M. French ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Phased Array ◽  
Weather Radar ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Low Level ◽  
X Band ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Square Root Filter

Abstract Several data assimilation and forecast experiments are undertaken to determine the impact of special observations taken during the second Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX2) on forecasts of the 5 June 2009 Goshen County, Wyoming, supercell. The data used in these experiments are those from the Mobile Weather Radar, 2005 X-band, Phased Array (MWR-05XP); two mobile mesonets (MM); and several mobile sounding units. Data sources are divided into “routine,” including those from operational Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Dopplers (WSR-88Ds) and the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) network, and “special” observations from the VORTEX2 project. VORTEX2 data sources are denied individually from a total of six ensemble square root filter (EnSRF) data assimilation and forecasting experiments. The EnSRF data assimilation uses 40 ensemble members on a 1-km grid nested inside a 3-km grid. Each experiment assimilates data every 5 min for 1 h, followed by a 1-h forecast. All experiments are able to reproduce the basic evolution of the supercell, though the impact of the VORTEX2 observations was mixed. The VORTEX2 sounding data decreased the mesocyclone intensity in the latter stages of the forecast, consistent with observations. The MWR-05XP data increased the forecast vorticity above approximately 1 km AGL in all experiments and had little impact on forecast vorticity below 1 km AGL. The MM data had negative impacts on the intensity of the low-level mesocyclone, by decreasing the vertical vorticity and indirectly by decreasing the buoyancy of the inflow.

scholarly journals An Examination of Green Credit Promoting Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reduction: A Provincial Panel Analysis of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7148
Author(s):  
Wenjie Zhang ◽  
Mingyong Hong ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
Fuhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Green Finance ◽  
Carbon Emissions Reduction ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Emissions Intensity ◽  
The Impact

The implementation of green finance is a powerful measure to promote global carbon emissions reduction that has been highly valued by academic circles in recent years. However, the role of green credit in carbon emissions reduction in China is still lacking testing. Using a set of panel data including 30 provinces and cities, this study focused on the impact of green credit on carbon dioxide emissions in China from 2006 to 2016. The empirical results indicated that green credit has a significantly negative effect on carbon dioxide emissions intensity. Furthermore, after the mechanism examination, we found that the promotion impacts of green credit on industrial structure upgrading and technological innovation are two effective channels to help reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Heterogeneity analysis found that there are regional differences in the effect of green credit. In the western and northeastern regions, the effect of green credit is invalid. Quantile regression results implied that the greater the carbon emissions intensity, the better the effect of green credit. Finally, a further discussion revealed there exists a nonlinear correlation between green credit and carbon dioxide emissions intensity. These findings suggest that the core measures to promote carbon emission reduction in China are to continue to expand the scale of green credit, increase the technology R&D investment of enterprises, and to vigorously develop the tertiary industry.

scholarly journals The impact of the UK’s emissions reduction initiative on the national food industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baboo L. Gowreesunker ◽  
Sam Mudie ◽  
Savvas A. Tassou
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Technical Note: Comparison of ensemble Kalman filter and variational approaches for CO<sub>2</sub> data assimilation

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 11643-11660 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Chatterjee ◽  
A. M. Michalak
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Inverse Modeling ◽  
Ensemble Kalman Filter ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Estimation Problem ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Flux Estimation ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Operational Constraints ◽  
Square Root Filter

Abstract. Data assimilation (DA) approaches, including variational and the ensemble Kalman filter methods, provide a computationally efficient framework for solving the CO2 source–sink estimation problem. Unlike DA applications for weather prediction and constituent assimilation, however, the advantages and disadvantages of DA approaches for CO2 flux estimation have not been extensively explored. In this study, we compare and assess estimates from two advanced DA approaches (an ensemble square root filter and a variational technique) using a batch inverse modeling setup as a benchmark, within the context of a simple one-dimensional advection–diffusion prototypical inverse problem that has been designed to capture the nuances of a real CO2 flux estimation problem. Experiments are designed to identify the impact of the observational density, heterogeneity, and uncertainty, as well as operational constraints (i.e., ensemble size, number of descent iterations) on the DA estimates relative to the estimates from a batch inverse modeling scheme. No dynamical model is explicitly specified for the DA approaches to keep the problem setup analogous to a typical real CO2 flux estimation problem. Results demonstrate that the performance of the DA approaches depends on a complex interplay between the measurement network and the operational constraints. Overall, the variational approach (contingent on the availability of an adjoint transport model) more reliably captures the large-scale source–sink patterns. Conversely, the ensemble square root filter provides more realistic uncertainty estimates. Selection of one approach over the other must therefore be guided by the carbon science questions being asked and the operational constraints under which the approaches are being applied.

Three-Dimensional Decomposition Models for Chinese Manufacturing Subsector over 1996-2008

2013 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 3004-3013
Author(s):  
Ding Ma ◽  
Li Ning Wang ◽  
Wen Ying Chen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Decomposition Models ◽  
Energy And Climate Policy ◽  
The Impact

At a time of increased international concern and negotiation for GHG emissions reduction, country studies on the underlying effects of GHG growth gain importance. China experienced continuous, rapid economic growth over the past. At the same time, energy consumption and CO2 emissions increased rapidly while the energy intensity and carbon intensity showed a downward trend at country level. What factors were driving this change? What measures can be adopted to ensure the continual decrease of energy intensity and carbon intensity? The refined IDA method is employed in this paper to identify the impact of each factor. A year-by-year decomposition is carried out at sector level, and various interesting results on the underlying effects are found. The results yield important hints for the planning of energy and climate policy.

Slow Motions of A Circular Cylinder in a Liquid after a Separation Impact

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Michail V. Norkin
Keyword(s):  
Circular Cylinder ◽  
Small Parameter ◽  
Asymptotic Approximation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Ship Hydrodynamics ◽  
A Value ◽  
Slow Motions ◽  
Acceleration Of Gravity ◽  
The Impact

The plane problem of the separation impact of a circular cylinder completely immersed in an ideal incompressible heavy liquid is considered. It is assumed that after the impact, the cylinder moves horizontally at a constant speed. An attached cavity is formed behind the body, the shape of which depends on the physical and geometric parameters of the problem. It is required to study the process of collapse of the cavity at low velocities of the cylinder, which correspond to small Froude numbers. The solution to the problem is constructed using asymptotic expansions in a small parameter, which is the dimensionless speed of the cylinder. In this case, as the characteristic speed of the problem, a value is chosen equal to the square root of the product of the radius of the cylinder and the acceleration of gravity. As a result of this choice, the indicated small parameter coincides with the Froude number, and therefore, we can assume that the asymptotics of the problem is constructed for small Froude numbers. In the leading asymptotic approximation, a mixed problem of potential theory with one-sided constraints on the surface of the body is formulated. With its help, the position of the separation points at each moment of time is determined and the time of collapse of a thin cavity is found. The results obtained can be used to solve practical problems of ship hydrodynamics, in which it is necessary to take into account the phenomenon of cavitation.

Methane Emissions Reduction in Liquefied Natural Gas Off-Loading Process in Refueling Stations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Sharafian ◽  
Paul Blomerus ◽  
Walter Mérida
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Pressure Buildup ◽  
Tanker Truck ◽  
Main Component ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Recent research into methane emissions from the liquefied natural gas (LNG) supply chain has revealed uncertainty in the overall greenhouse gas emissions reduction associated with the use of LNG in heavy-duty vehicles. Methane is the main component of natural gas and a potent greenhouse gas. This study investigates the impact of five methods used to offload LNG from a tanker truck to an LNG refueling station and estimate the amount of fugitive methane emissions. The LNG offloading process time, and the final pressures of the tanker truck and refueling station are considered to evaluate the performance of the LNG offloading methods. The modeling results show that the LNG transfer by using a pressure buildup unit has a limited operating range and can increase methane emissions by 10.4% of LNG offloaded from the tanker truck. The results indicate that the LNG transfer by using a pump and an auxiliary pressure buildup unit without vapor return provides the shortest fuel offloading time with the lowest risk of venting methane to the atmosphere.

scholarly journals Impact of Heat Pump Flexibility in a French Residential Eco-District

Buildings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Pajot ◽  
Benoit Delinchant ◽  
Yves Maréchal ◽  
Damien Frésier
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Load Shedding ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Peak Shaving ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Consumption Reduction ◽  
Residential District ◽  
Heating Load ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates the impact of load shedding strategies on a block of multiple buildings. It particularly deals with the quantification of the factors i.e., peak shaving, occupants’ thermal comfort or CO 2 emission reduction and how to quickly quantify them. To achieve this goal, the paper focuses on a new residential district, thermally fed by heat pumps. Four modeling approaches were implemented in order to estimate buildings’ response towards load shedding. Two schemes were combined in order to study an overall load shedding. This strategy for the neighborhood has proved itself efficient for both peak shaving and thermal comfort. Most of the clipped heating load during the peak period is shifted to low-consumption periods, providing an effective peak shaving. The thermal comfort is guaranteed for at least 96% of the time. For CO 2 emissions reduction, the link between consumption reduction and CO 2 emissions savings should be realized carefully, since shifting the consumption could increase these emissions.

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