scholarly journals On the diurnal cycle of surface energy fluxes in the North American monsoon region using the WRF‐Hydro modeling system

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (17) ◽  
pp. 9024-9049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiantian Xiang ◽  
Enrique R. Vivoni ◽  
David J. Gochis ◽  
Giuseppe Mascaro
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Diurnal Cycle ◽  
North American ◽  
North American Monsoon ◽  
Monsoon Region ◽  
Energy Fluxes ◽  
Surface Energy Fluxes ◽  
The North

Observed relation between evapotranspiration and soil moisture in the North American monsoon region

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique R. Vivoni ◽  
Hernan A. Moreno ◽  
Giuseppe Mascaro ◽  
Julio C. Rodriguez ◽  
Christopher J. Watts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
North American ◽  
North American Monsoon ◽  
Monsoon Region ◽  
The North

Hydroclimatology of the North American Monsoon region in northwest Mexico

2006 ◽  
Vol 316 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 53-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Gochis ◽  
Luis Brito-Castillo ◽  
W. James Shuttleworth
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
North American Monsoon ◽  
Monsoon Region ◽  
Northwest Mexico ◽  
The North

scholarly journals A Numerical Investigation of Wet and Dry Onset Modes in the North American Monsoon Core Region. Part I: A Regional Mechanism for Interannual Variability

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 3953-3969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuauhtémoc Turrent ◽  
Tereza Cavazos
Keyword(s):  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Diurnal Cycle ◽  
North American ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Deep Convection ◽  
Core Region ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
North American Monsoon ◽  
The Core ◽  
The North

In this study the results of two regional fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) simulations forced at their boundaries with low-pass-filtered North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) composite fields from which synoptic-scale variability was removed are presented. The filtered NARR data are also assimilated into the inner domain through the use of field nudging. The purpose of this research is to investigate wet and dry onset modes in the core region of the North American monsoon (NAM). Key features of the NAM that are present in the NARR fields and assimilated into the regional simulations include the position of the midlevel anticyclone, low-level circulation over the Gulf of California, and moisture flux patterns into the core monsoon region, for which the eastern Pacific is the likely primary source of moisture. The model develops a robust diurnal cycle of deep convection over the peaks of the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO) that results solely from its radiation scheme and internal dynamics, in spite of the field nudging. The wet onset mode is related to a regional land–sea thermal contrast (LSTC) that is ~2°C higher than in the dry mode, and is further characterized by a northward-displaced midlevel anticyclone, a stronger surface pressure gradient along the Gulf of California, larger mean moisture fluxes into the core region from the eastern Pacific, a stronger diurnal cycle of deep convection, and the more northward distribution of precipitation along the axis of the SMO. A proposed regional LSTC mechanism for NAM onset interannual variability is consistent with the differences between both onset modes.

scholarly journals Relationships between Recent Pan-Arctic Snow Cover and Hydroclimate Trends

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 2048-2064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaogang Shi ◽  
Stephen J. Déry ◽  
Pavel Ya. Groisman ◽  
Dennis P. Lettenmaier
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
North American ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Minimum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Energy Fluxes ◽  
Surface Energy Fluxes ◽  
Snow Cover Extent

Abstract Using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) land surface model forced with gridded climatic observations, the authors reproduce spatial and temporal variations of snow cover extent (SCE) reported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Northern Hemisphere weekly satellite SCE data. Both observed and modeled North American and Eurasian snow cover in the pan-Arctic have statistically significant negative trends from April through June over the period 1972–2006. To diagnose the causes of the pan-Arctic SCE recession, the authors identify the role of surface energy fluxes generated in VIC and assess the relationships between 15 hydroclimatic indicators and NOAA SCE observations over each snow-covered sensitivity zone (SCSZ) for both North America and Eurasia. The authors find that surface net radiation (SNR) provides the primary energy source and sensible heat (SH) plays a secondary role in observed changes of SCE. As compared with SNR and SH, latent heat has only a minor influence on snow cover changes. In addition, these changes in surface energy fluxes resulting in the pan-Arctic snow cover recession are mainly driven by statistically significant decreases in snow surface albedo and increased air temperatures (surface air temperature, daily maximum temperature, and daily minimum temperature), as well as statistically significant increased atmospheric water vapor pressure. Contributions of other hydroclimate variables that the authors analyzed (downward shortwave radiation, precipitation, diurnal temperature range, wind speed, and cloud cover) are not significant for observed SCE changes in either the North American or Eurasian SCSZs.

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