scholarly journals Evaluation of NASA GEOS-ADAS Modeled Diurnal Warming Through Comparisons to SEVIRI and AMSR2 SST Observations

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 1364-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Gentemann ◽  
S. Akella
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Warming

Comparison of MSG/SEVIRI and drifting buoy derived diurnal warming estimates

2012 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 622-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Le Borgne ◽  
Gérard Legendre ◽  
Sonia Péré
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Warming ◽  
Drifting Buoy

Acclimation of leaf dark respiration to nocturnal and diurnal warming in a semiarid temperate steppe

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonggang Chi ◽  
Ming Xu ◽  
Ruichang Shen ◽  
Shiqiang Wan
Keyword(s):  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Thermal Acclimation ◽  
Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽  
Temperate Steppe ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Diurnal Warming ◽  
Leaf Dark Respiration

A better understanding of thermal acclimation of leaf dark respiration in response to nocturnal and diurnal warming could help accurately predict the changes in carbon exchange of terrestrial ecosystems under global warming, especially under the asymmetric warming. A field manipulative experiment was established with control, nocturnal warming (1800–0600 hours), diurnal warming (0600–1800 hours), and diel warming (24 h) under naturally fluctuating conditions in a semiarid temperate steppe in northern China in April 2006. Temperature response curves of in situ leaf dark respiration for Stipa krylovii Roshev. were measured at night (Rn) and after 30 min of darkness imposed in the daytime (Rd). Leaf nonstructural carbohydrates were determined before sunrise and at sunset. Results showed that Rn could acclimate to nocturnal warming and diurnal warming, but Rd could not. The decreases in Q10 (temperature sensitivity) of Rn under nocturnal-warming and diurnal warming regimes might be attributed to greater depletion of total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC). The real-time and intertwined metabolic interactions between chloroplastic and mitochondrial metabolism in the daytime could affect the impacts of warming on metabolite pools and the distinct response of Rn and Rd to warming. Projection on climate change–carbon feedback under climate warming must account for thermal acclimation of leaf dark respiration separately by Rn and Rd.

scholarly journals The Effect of Diurnal Sea Surface Temperature Warming on Climatological Air–Sea Fluxes

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2546-2556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Anne Clayson ◽  
Alec S. Bogdanoff
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Heat Budget ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Diurnal Variability ◽  
Diurnal Warming ◽  
Yearly Average ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Diurnal sea surface warming affects the fluxes of latent heat, sensible heat, and upwelling longwave radiation. Diurnal warming most typically reaches maximum values of 3°C, although very localized events may reach 7°–8°C. An analysis of multiple years of diurnal warming over the global ice-free oceans indicates that heat fluxes determined by using the predawn sea surface temperature can differ by more than 100% in localized regions over those in which the sea surface temperature is allowed to fluctuate on a diurnal basis. A comparison of flux climatologies produced by these two analyses demonstrates that significant portions of the tropical oceans experience differences on a yearly average of up to 10 W m−2. Regions with the highest climatological differences include the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, as well as the equatorial western and eastern Pacific Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, and the western coasts of Central America and North Africa. Globally the difference is on average 4.45 W m−2. The difference in the evaporation rate globally is on the order of 4% of the total ocean–atmosphere evaporation. Although the instantaneous, year-to-year, and seasonal fluctuations in various locations can be substantial, the global average differs by less than 0.1 W m−2 throughout the entire 10-yr time period. A global heat budget that uses atmospheric datasets containing diurnal variability but a sea surface temperature that has removed this signal may be underestimating the flux to the atmosphere by a fairly constant value.

scholarly journals Effects of diurnal warming on soil respiration are not equal to the summed effects of day and night warming in a temperate steppe

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1361-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Xia ◽  
Y. Han ◽  
Z. Zhang ◽  
Z. Zhang ◽  
S. Wan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Minimum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Temperate Steppe ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Diurnal Warming ◽  
Night Warming

Abstract. The magnitude of daily minimum temperature increase is greater than that of daily maximum temperature increase under climate warming. This study was conducted to examine whether changes in soil respiration under diurnal warming are equal to the summed changes under day and night warming in a temperate steppe in northern China. A full factorial design with day and night warming was used in this study, including control, day (06:00 a.m.–06:00 p.m., local time) warming, night (06:00 p.m.–06:00 a.m.) warming, and diurnal warming. Day warming showed no effect on soil respiration, whereas night warming significantly increased soil respiration by 7.1% over the 3 growing seasons in 2006–2008. The insignificant effect of day warming on soil respiration could be attributable to the offset of the direct positive effects of increased temperature by the indirect negative effects via aggravating water limitation and suppressing ecosystem C assimilation. The positive effects of night warming on soil respiration were largely due to the stimulation of ecosystem C uptake and substrate supply via overcompensation of plant photosynthesis. Changes in both soil respiration (+20.7 g C m−2 y−1) and GEP (−2.8 g C m−2 y−1) under diurnal warming are smaller than their summed changes (+40.0 and +24.6 g C m−2 y−1, respectively) under day and night warming. Our findings that the effects of diurnal warming on soil respiration and gross ecosystem productivity are not equal to the summed effects of day and night warming are critical for model simulation and projection of climate-carbon feedback.

scholarly journals Satellite Perspectives of Sea Surface Temperature Diurnal Warming on Atmospheric Moistening and Radiative Heating During MJO

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-56
Author(s):  
Kyle Itterly ◽  
Patrick Taylor ◽  
J. Brent Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Radiative Heating ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Moist Static Energy ◽  
Diurnal Warming ◽  
Static Energy

AbstractDiurnal air-sea coupling affects climate modes such as the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) via the regional moist static energy budget. Prior to MJO initiation, large-scale subsidence increases (decreases) surface shortwave insolation (winds). These act in concert to significantly warm the uppermost layer of the ocean over the course of a single day and the ocean mixed layer over the course of 1-2 weeks. Here, we provide an integrated analysis of multiple surface, top-of-atmosphere, and atmospheric column observations to assess the covariability related to regions of strong diurnal sea surface temperature (dSST) warming over 44 MJO events between 2000-2018 to assess their role in MJO initiation. Combining satellite observations of evaporation and precipitation with reanalysis moisture budget terms, we find 30-50% enhanced moistening over high dSST regions during late afternoon using either ERA5 or MERRA-2 despite large model biases. Diurnally developing moisture convergence, only modestly weaker evaporation, and diurnal minimum precipitation act to locally enhance moistening over broad regions of enhanced diurnal warming, which rectifies onto the larger scale. Field campaign ship and sounding data corroborate that strong dSST periods are associated with reduced middle tropospheric humidity and larger diurnal amplitudes of surface warming, evaporation, instability, and column moistening. Further, we find greater daytime increases in low cloud cover and evidence of enhanced radiative destabilization for the top 50th dSST percentile. Together, these results support that dSST warming acts in concert with large-scale dynamics to enhance moist static energy during the suppressed to active phase transition of the MJO.

scholarly journals Assessment of Extreme Diurnal Warming in Operational Geosynchronous Satellite Sea Surface Temperature Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 3771
Author(s):  
Gary A. Wick ◽  
Sandra L. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Diurnal Warming ◽  
A Value ◽  
Infrared Imager ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Cloud Screening ◽  
O 10 ◽  
Careful Processing

We evaluate the reliability and basic characteristics of observations of extreme DW events from current operational geostationary satellite sea surface temperature (SST) products through examination of three months of diurnal warming (DW) estimates derived by different methodologies from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager on Meteosat-11, Advanced Himawari Imager on Himawari-8, and Advanced Baseline Imager on the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-16. This work primarily focuses on the following research questions: (1) Can these operational SST products accurately characterize extreme DW events? (2) What are the amplitudes and frequencies of these events? To answer these, we compute distributions of DW and DW exceedance and compare them amongst the different methods and geostationary sensors. Examination of the DW estimates demonstrates several challenges in accurately deriving distributions of the DW amplitude, particularly associated with estimating the “foundation” temperature and uncertainties in cloud screening. Overall, the results suggest that current geostationary sensors can reliably assess extreme DW, but the estimates are sensitive to the computational methods applied. We thus suggest careful processing/screening of the SST retrievals. We find a value of 3 K, corresponding to the 99th percentile, provides a potential practical threshold for extreme warming, but events of at least 6 K were reliably observed. Warming in excess of 6 K occurred somewhere an average of 47% of the time, and its probability at a given location was of O(10−6).

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