Observation of Tropical Cyclone-Induced Shallow Water Currents in Taiwan Strait

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 5005-5021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junqiang Shen ◽  
Yun Qiu ◽  
Shanwu Zhang ◽  
Fangfang Kuang
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Taiwan Strait ◽  
Water Currents

scholarly journals Improved moist-convective rotating shallow water model and its application to instabilities of hurricane-like vortices

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
LMD
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Precipitable Water ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Moist Convection ◽  
Shallow Water Model ◽  
Atmospheric Motions ◽  
Rotating Shallow Water

We show how the two-layer moist-convective rotating shallow water model (mcRSW), which proved to be a simple and robust tool for studying effects of moist convection on large-scale atmospheric motions, can be improved by including, in addition to the water vapour, precipitable water, and the effects of vaporisation, entrainment, and precipitation. Thus improved mcRSW becomes cloud-resolving. It is applied, as an illustration, to model the development of instabilities of tropical cyclone-like vortices.

scholarly journals Forced, Balanced, Axisymmetric Shallow Water Model for Understanding Short-Term Tropical Cyclone Intensity and Wind Structure Changes

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1308
Author(s):  
Eric A. Hendricks ◽  
Jonathan L. Vigh ◽  
Christopher M. Rozoff
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Diabatic Heating ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Discrete Problem ◽  
Tropical Cyclone Intensity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cyclone Intensity ◽  
Wind Structure ◽  
Structure Changes

A minimal modeling system for understanding tropical cyclone intensity and wind structure changes is introduced: Shallow Water Axisymmetric Model for Intensity (SWAMI). The forced, balanced, axisymmetric shallow water equations are reduced to a canonical potential vorticity (PV) production and inversion problem, whereby PV is produced through a mass sink (related to the diabatic heating) and inverted through a PV/absolute–angular–momentum invertibility principle. Because the invertibility principle is nonlinear, a Newton–Krylov method is used to iteratively obtain a numerical solution to the discrete problem. Two versions of the model are described: a physical radius version which neglects radial PV advection (SWAMI-r) and a potential radius version that naturally includes the advection in the quasi-Lagrangian coordinate (SWAMI-R). In idealized numerical simulations, SWAMI-R produces a thinner and more intense PV ring than SWAMI-r, demonstrating the role of axisymmetric radial PV advection in eyewall evolution. SWAMI-R always has lower intensification rates than SWAMI-r because the reduction in PV footprint effect dominates the peak magnitude increase effect. SWAMI-r is next demonstrated as a potentially useful short-term wind structure forecasting tool using the newly added FLIGHT+ Dataset azimuthal means for initialization and forcing on three example cases: a slowly intensifying event, a rapid intensification event, and a secondary wind maximum formation event. Then, SWAMI-r is evaluated using 63 intensifying cases. Even though the model is minimal, it is shown to have some skill in short-term intensity prediction, highlighting the known critical roles of the relationship between the radial structures of the vortex inertial stability and diabatic heating rate. Because of the simplicity of the models, SWAMI simulations are completed in seconds. Therefore, they may be of some use for hurricane nowcasting to short-term (less than 24 h) intensity and structure forecasting. Due to its favorable assumptions for tropical cyclone intensification, a potential use of SWAMI is a reasonable short-term upper-bound intensity forecast if the storm intensifies.

Tropical cyclone deposits in the Pliocene Taiwan Strait: Processes, examples, and conceptual model

2020 ◽  
Vol 405 ◽  
pp. 105687
Author(s):  
Shahin E. Dashtgard ◽  
Ludvig Löwemark ◽  
Romain Vaucher ◽  
Yu-Yen Pan ◽  
Jessica E. Pilarczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Taiwan Strait

The Tropical Cyclone as a Divergent Source in a Background Flow

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
pp. 4189-4210
Author(s):  
David R. Ryglicki ◽  
Daniel Hodyss ◽  
Gregory Rainwater
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Vertical Wind Shear ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Rapid Intensification ◽  
Shallow Water Model ◽  
Background Flow ◽  
Analytical Expression ◽  
Budget Analysis ◽  
Upper Level

AbstractThe interactions between the outflow of a tropical cyclone (TC) and its background flow are explored using a hierarchy of models of varying complexity. Previous studies have established that, for a select class of TCs that undergo rapid intensification in moderate values of vertical wind shear, the upper-level outflow of the TC can block and reroute the environmental winds, thus reducing the shear and permitting the TC to align and subsequently to intensify. We identify in satellite imagery and reanalysis datasets the presence of tilt nutations and evidence of upwind blocking by the divergent wind field, which are critical components of atypical rapid intensification. We then demonstrate how an analytical expression and a shallow water model can be used to explain some of the structure of upper-level outflow. The analytical expression shows that the dynamic high inside the outflow front is a superposition of two pressure anomalies caused by the outflow’s deceleration by the environment and by the environment’s deceleration by the outflow. The shallow water model illustrates that the blocking is almost entirely dependent upon the divergent component of the wind. Then, using a divergent kinetic energy budget analysis, we demonstrate that, in a full-physics TC, upper-level divergent flow generation occurs in two phases: pressure driven and then momentum driven. The change happens when the tilt precession reaches left of shear. When this change occurs, the outflow blocking extends upshear. We discuss these results with regard to prior severe weather studies.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Utility of Static and Adaptive Mesh Refinement for Idealized Tropical Cyclone Problems in a Spectral Element Shallow-Water Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (10) ◽  
pp. 3697-3724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Hendricks ◽  
Michal A. Kopera ◽  
Francis X. Giraldo ◽  
Melinda S. Peng ◽  
James D. Doyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Adaptive Mesh Refinement ◽  
Mesh Refinement ◽  
Adaptive Mesh ◽  
Spectral Element ◽  
Thin Strip ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Barotropic Instability ◽  
Shallow Water Model

The utility of static and adaptive mesh refinement (SMR and AMR, respectively) are examined for idealized tropical cyclone (TC) simulations in a two-dimensional spectral element f-plane shallow-water model. The SMR simulations have varying sizes of the statically refined meshes (geometry based) while the AMR simulations use a potential vorticity (PV) threshold to adaptively refine the mesh to the evolving TC. Numerical simulations are conducted for four cases: (i) TC-like vortex advecting in a uniform flow, (ii) binary vortex interaction, (iii) barotropic instability of a PV ring, and (iv) barotropic instability of a thin strip of PV. For each case, a uniform grid high-resolution “truth” simulation is compared to two different SMR simulations and three different AMR simulations for accuracy and efficiency. The multiple SMR and AMR simulations have variations in the number of fully refined elements in the vicinity of the TC. For these idealized cases, it is found that the SMR and AMR simulations are able to resolve the vortex dynamical processes (e.g., barotropic instability, Rossby wave breaking, and filamentation) as well as the truth simulations, with no significant loss in accuracy in the refined region in the vortex vicinity and with significant speedups (factors of 4–15, depending on the total number of refined elements). The overall accuracy is enhanced by a greater area of fully refined mesh in both the SMR and AMR simulations.

Simulation of tropical-cyclone-like vortices in shallow-water ICON-hex using goal-oriented r-adaptivity

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Bauer ◽  
Martin Baumann ◽  
Leonhard Scheck ◽  
Almut Gassmann ◽  
Vincent Heuveline ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Shallow Water
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