scholarly journals Implications of the diffuse deformation of the Indian Ocean lithosphere for slip partitioning of oblique plate convergence in Sumatra

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 572-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Bradley ◽  
L. Feng ◽  
E. M. Hill ◽  
D. H. Natawidjaja ◽  
K. Sieh
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Plate Convergence ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Slip Partitioning ◽  
Ocean Lithosphere

Has the Tibetan plateau risen in the Early/Mid–Miocene? Constraints from plate–motion reconstructions and seismicity of the Indian Ocean lithosphere

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giampiero Iaffaldano
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Plate Motion ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Plate Motions ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Ocean Lithosphere

Summary Magnetisation records and seismic stratigraphy of the Indian Ocean lithosphere indicate that the Early/Mid–Miocene onset of diffuse contractional deformation coincided with slowdowns of the Indian and Capricorn plate motions. At present day such deformation is evidenced by the seismicity of the Indian ocean floor. Deformation onset and past plate–motion slowdowns have been interpreted as consequences of a sudden uplift of the Tibetan plateau by 1 to 2 km, as this – following previous estimates – would generate a tectonically–significant force between 4 · 1012 and 8 · 1012 N/m. However, this view remains at odds with paleo–altimetry estimates from geological and geochemical data, which indicate no increase in plateau altitude throughout the Miocene. Here I use well–established models of viscous/brittle dynamics in inverse mode in order to constrain the amount of force that should be delivered by the Tibetan region to the Indian tectonic setting in order to explain the observations above. Results constrain such a force within the range from 4.3 · 1011 to 3.5 · 1012 N/m. By comparison with previous estimates of the force associated with topography increase, these analyses suggest that the Early/Mid–Miocene onset of contractional deformation and plate–motion slowdowns within the Indian Ocean require minimal uplift of the Tibet plateau of a few hundred meters. The seemingly–contradicting inferences on Early/Mid–Miocene Tibetan uplift that come from geophysical and geological/geochemical observations can be reconciled by noting that the required uplift amount is less than what is resolvable by modern paleo–altimetry techniques.

THE ROLE OF EDUCATION ON DISASTER PREPAREDNESS CASE STUDY OF 2012 INDIAN OCEAN EARTHQUAKES ON THAILAND’S

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raya Muttarak ◽  
Wiraporn Pothisiri
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Disaster Experience ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Individual

In this paper we investigate how well residents of the Andaman coast in Phang Nga province, Thailand, are prepared for earthquakes and tsunami. It is hypothesized that formal education can promote disaster preparedness because education enhances individual cognitive and learning skills, as well as access to information. A survey was conducted of 557 households in the areas that received tsunami warnings following the Indian Ocean earthquakes on 11 April 2012. Interviews were carried out during the period of numerous aftershocks, which put residents in the region on high alert. The respondents were asked what emergency preparedness measures they had taken following the 11 April earthquakes. Using the partial proportional odds model, the paper investigates determinants of personal disaster preparedness measured as the number of preparedness actions taken. Controlling for village effects, we find that formal education, measured at the individual, household, and community levels, has a positive relationship with taking preparedness measures. For the survey group without past disaster experience, the education level of household members is positively related to disaster preparedness. The findings also show that disaster related training is most effective for individuals with high educational attainment. Furthermore, living in a community with a higher proportion of women who have at least a secondary education increases the likelihood of disaster preparedness. In conclusion, we found that formal education can increase disaster preparedness and reduce vulnerability to natural hazards.

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