Seismic and infrasonic eruption tremors and their relation to magma discharge rate: A case study for sub-Plinian events in the 2011 eruption of Shinmoe-dake, Japan

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (10) ◽  
pp. 7101-7118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mie Ichihara
Keyword(s):  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Magma Discharge

Pengaruh Curah Hujan dan Debit Air Terhadap Produktivitas Energi Listrik yang Dihasilkan Pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air (Studi Kasus: Sub Unit PLTA Kracak, Kabupaten Bogor Jawa Barat)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Wildan Gunawan ◽  
Suyitno Muslim ◽  
Imam Arif Rahardjo
Keyword(s):  
River Discharge ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Rain Fall ◽  
Average Rain

This research is aimed to understand the effects of  rain fall and discharge rate towards hydro electric power plant productivity (case study at Kracak Sub Unit HPP, Bogor Regency Jawa Barat). Multiple regression tecnique analysis is used as research method with quantitative approach for describing the effects of rain fall and discharge rate towards hydro electric energy productivity. Based on Sub Unit PLTA Kracak during a highest down pour in June 2018 has gained electrical power about 173,583 kWh for 15,84 mm rain fall and the lowest rain fall in July 2018 is 0,86 mm only obtain 49,772 kWh electrical power with the average rain fall record in three stations is 8,9592 mm. Mean while, for the highest river discharge rate happened in February is 10,08 m3/detik which produce 198,296 kWh electrical power and the lowest in June that only gained 3,53 m3/detik which produce 49,772 kWh electrical power with the average of river discharge rate in 2018 is only 7,9858 m3/detik. The average of electrical power it self is only 156,0105 kWh for 8,9592 mm of rainfall and 7,9858 m3/detik river discharge rate record in 2018. The conclusion oh this research is the discharge rate in headwaters area is affected by rainfall intensity, but not necessarily affected to hydro electric energy productivity.   ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh curah hujan dan debit air terhadap produktivitas energi listrik yang dihasilkan pada pembangkit listrik tenaga air (Studi Kasus: Sub Unit PLTA Kracak, Kabupaten Bogor Jawa Barat). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif teknik analisis data regresi berganda untuk mendiskripsikan data penelitian curah hujan dan debit air terhadap produktivitas energi listrik yang dihasilkan. Berdasarkan data hasil penelitian yang diperoleh di Sub Unit PLTA Kracak data curah hujan tertinggi pada tahun 2018 di Bulan Juni sebesar 15,84 mm dapat menghasilkan energi listrik sebesar 173,593 kWh dan terendah di Bulan Juli sebesar 0,86 mm dapat menghasilkan energi listrik sebesar  49,772 kWh dengan rata-rata pertahun 2018 yaitu sebesar 8,9592 mm di tiga stasiun. Sedangkan data debit air pada tahun 2018 tertinggi di Bulan Februari sebesar 10,08 m3/detik dapat menghasilkan energi listrik sebesar 198,296 kWh dan terendah di Bulan Juli sebesar 3,53 m3/detik dapat menghasilkan energi listrik sebesar 49,772 dengan rata-rata pertahun 2018 debit air sebesar 7,9858 m3/detik. Dengan rata-rata curah hujan 8,9592 mm dan debit air 7,9858 m3/detik dapat menghasilkan energi listrik rata-rata pertahun 2018 sebesar 156,0105 kWh selama tahun 2018. Dapat disimpulkan curah hujan tidak berpengaruh langsung terhadap produktivitas energi listrik yang dihasilkan sedangkan debit air berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas energi listrik.

Method for Real-Time Evaluation of Discharge Rate of Volcanic Ash – Case Study on Intermittent Eruptions at the Sakurajima Volcano, Japan –

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Iguchi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Combination ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Sakurajima Volcano ◽  
Seismic Amplitude ◽  
Ash Weight ◽  
Better Than

A method for evaluating the volcanic ash discharge rate by using seismic and ground deformation signals is proposed to obtain this rate in real time for southern Kyushu’s Sakurajima volcano. This volcano repeats vulcanian eruptions accompanying significant ground deformation showing deflation and nonvulcanian type eruptions that emit the minor emissions of volcanic ash associated with volcanic tremors but without significant ground deformation. We examined ground deformation and seismic amplitude as they relate to monthly sums of volcanic ash weight ejected from craters. We found that in monthly sums, both deflation ground deformation and the amplitude of volcanic tremors correlate positively with the weight of ejected volcanic ash. A linear combination of terms for ground deformation, seismic amplitude and a correction factor correlates better than single parameter of deflation or seismic amplitude with volcanic ash weight. The linear combination provides the volcanic ash discharge rate in quasi-real time and the total amount of volcanic ash distributed over a wide area immediately after a volcanic eruption ends.

scholarly journals Energy economy analysis of the G-Wiz: a two-year case study based on two vehicles

2011 ◽  
Vol 225 (11) ◽  
pp. 1505-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
A R Chaudhari ◽  
R H Thring
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Vehicle Data ◽  
Maximum Range ◽  
Energy Economy ◽  
Energy Consumption Patterns ◽  
Vehicle Usage ◽  
Main Factor

This paper presents the data recorded from two G-Wiz Reva electric vehicles (EVs) over a period of two years and approximately 8000 km on each vehicle. The analysis of the vehicle data demonstrates that the range of the vehicle obtained for a certain state-of-charge (SOC) drop was not consistent. The results show that the main factor affecting the available range was irregular vehicle usage. The recharge energy consumption patterns of the vehicle were identified and it was demonstrated that infrequent vehicle usage increased energy consumed by the vehicle. A maximum range of 66.8 km was achieved when the vehicle was regularly used, but this fell to 42.8 km when it was infrequently used. The energy economy when the vehicle was regularly used was 8.3 km/kWh. Additionally, the analysis results identify the need to determine discharge rate of the vehicle batteries to determine the precise effects on the available range and energy consumption of the vehicle.

Eruption Pattern and a Long-Term Magma Discharge Rate over the Past 100 Years at Kelud Volcano, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fukashi Maeno ◽  
Setsuya Nakada ◽  
Mitsuhiro Yoshimoto ◽  
Taketo Shimano ◽  
Natsumi Hokanishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Explosive Eruptions ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
The Past ◽  
Discharge Rates ◽  
Cumulative Volume ◽  
Magma Discharge ◽  
Mass Discharge ◽  
The Relationship

Kelud Volcano is among the most active volcanoes in Indonesia, with repeated explosive eruptions throughout its history. Here, we reconstructed the relationship between the repose period and the cumulative volume of erupted material over the past 100 years and estimated the long-term magma discharge rate and future eruptive potential and hazards. Tephra data and eruption sequences described in historical documents were used to estimate the volume and mass discharge rate. The volumes of the 1901, 1919, 1951, 1966, 1990, and 2014 eruptions were estimated as 51–296 × 106m3. The mass discharge rates were estimated to be on the order of 107kg/s for the 1919, 1951, and 2014 eruptions and the order of 106kg/s for the 1966 and 1990 eruptions. Based on a linear relationship between the repose period and cumulative erupted mass, the long-term mass discharge rate was estimated as ∼ 1.5 × 1010kg/year, explaining the features of the larger eruptions (1919, 1951, and 2014) but not those of the smaller eruptions (1966 and 1990). This estimate is relatively high compared to other typical basaltic-andesitic subduction-zone volcanoes. This result provides important insights into the evolution of magmatic systems and prediction of future eruptions at Kelud Volcano.

Key parameters for behaviour related to source separation of household organic waste: A case study in Hanoi, Vietnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Kawai ◽  
Luong Thi Mai Huong
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Source Separation ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
City Government ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
Inorganic Waste

Proper management of food waste, a major component of municipal solid waste (MSW), is needed, especially in developing Asian countries where most MSW is disposed of in landfill sites without any pretreatment. Source separation can contribute to solving problems derived from the disposal of food waste. An organic waste source separation and collection programme has been operated in model areas in Hanoi, Vietnam, since 2007. This study proposed three key parameters (participation rate, proper separation rate and proper discharge rate) for behaviour related to source separation of household organic waste, and monitored the progress of the programme based on the physical composition of household waste sampled from 558 households in model programme areas of Hanoi. The results showed that 13.8% of 558 households separated organic waste, and 33.0% discharged mixed (unseparated) waste improperly. About 41.5% (by weight) of the waste collected as organic waste was contaminated by inorganic waste, and one-third of the waste disposed of as organic waste by separators was inorganic waste. We proposed six hypothetical future household behaviour scenarios to help local officials identify a final or midterm goal for the programme. We also suggested that the city government take further actions to increase the number of people participating in separating organic waste, improve the accuracy of separation and prevent non-separators from discharging mixed waste improperly.

A Case Study of Effect of Horizontal Drains on Rainfall-Induced Landslide

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 1834-1837
Author(s):  
Lin Tang ◽  
Xiao Wu Tang ◽  
Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Shallow Landslide ◽  
Field Monitoring ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Horizontal Drain ◽  
Horizontal Drains ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship

Rainfall-induced landslides are of frequent occurrence in the south of China. One of the most effective methods to stabilize landslides is to lower the groundwater table by installing horizontal drain. A shallow landslide caused by typhoon Morakot happened along Shangyu - Sanmen Expressway in Zhejiang. Horizontal drains were installed and served as an important part of the slope stabilization scheme. The relationship among rainfall intensity, groundwater level, and slope stability was indicated by field monitoring data. Using software GeoStudio, the stability states of the original slope under rainfall are simulated, based on Fredlund’s Unsaturated Soil Strength Theory. After the rain ceases, the draining processes of the original slope and the slope with horizontal drains are compared. It is obvious that the factor of safety recovers rapidly in the slope with drains. The simulated discharge rate of drain and slope surface, and the change of groundwater table also prove the benefits of the drains, which agree well with the field monitoring data.

scholarly journals Modelling Debris Flow Runout: A Case Study on the Mesilau Watershed, Kundasang, Sabah

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2667
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iylia Rosli ◽  
Faizah Che Ros ◽  
Khamarrul Azahari Razak ◽  
Sumiaty Ambran ◽  
Samira Albati Kamaruddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Lead Time ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Warning System ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Tectonically Active ◽  
Best Fit

Debris flows are among the fatal geological hazards in Malaysia, with 23 incidents recorded in the last two decades. To date, very few studies have been carried out to understand the debris flow processes, causes, and runouts nationwide. This study simulated the debris flow at the Mesilau watershed of Kundasang Sabah caused by the prolonged rainfall after the 2015 Ranau earthquake. Several interrelated processing platforms, such as ArcGIS, HEC-HMS, and HyperKANAKO, were used to extract the parameters, model the debris flow, and perform a sensitivity analysis to achieve the best-fit debris flow runout. The debris flow travelled at least 18.6 km to the Liwagu Dam. The best-fit runout suggested that the average velocity was 12.5 m/s and the lead time to arrive at the Mesilau village was 4.5 min. This high debris flow velocity was probably due to the high-water content from the watershed baseflow with a discharge rate of 563.8 m3/s. The flow depth and depositional thickness were both lower than 5.0 m. This study could provide crucial inputs for designing an early warning system, improving risk communication, and strengthening the local disaster risk reduction and resilience strategy in a tectonically active area in Malaysia.

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