scholarly journals Information theoretical approach to discovering solar wind drivers of the outer radiation belt

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (10) ◽  
pp. 9378-9399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Wing ◽  
Jay R. Johnson ◽  
Enrico Camporeale ◽  
Geoffrey D. Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Radiation Belt ◽  
Outer Radiation Belt ◽  
Information Theoretical Approach

scholarly journals The relativistic electron response in the outer radiation belt during magnetic storms

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 957-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. A. Iles ◽  
A. N. Fazakerley ◽  
A. D. Johnstone ◽  
N. P. Meredith ◽  
P. Bühler
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Solar Wind ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Interplanetary Magnetic Field ◽  
Relativistic Electron ◽  
Radiation Belt ◽  
Solar Wind Speed ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Magnetic Storms ◽  
Outer Radiation Belt

Abstract. The relativistic electron response in the outer radiation belt during magnetic storms has been studied in relation to solar wind and geomagnetic parameters during the first six months of 1995, a period in which there were a number of recurrent fast solar wind streams. The relativistic electron population was measured by instruments on board the two microsatellites, STRV-1a and STRV-1b, which traversed the radiation belt four times per day from L ~ 1 out to L ~ 7 on highly elliptical, near-equatorial orbits. Variations in the E > 750 keV and E > 1 MeV electrons during the main phase and recovery phase of 17 magnetic storms have been compared with the solar wind speed, interplanetary magnetic field z-component, Bz , the solar wind dynamic pressure and Dst *. Three different types of electron responses are identified, with outcomes that strongly depend on the solar wind speed and interplanetary magnetic field orientation during the magnetic storm recovery phase. Observations also confirm that the L-shell, at which the peak enhancement in the electron count rate occurs has a dependence on Dst *.Key words. Magnetospheric physics (energetic particles, trapped; storms and substorms) – Space plasma physics (charged particle motion and accelerations)

The terrestrial radiation belts as seen by BepiColombo during its flyby to Earth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Sanchez-Cano ◽  
Rami Vainio ◽  
Marco Pinto ◽  
Philipp Oleynik ◽  
Rumi Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Radiation Belt ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Activity Cycle ◽  
Solar Activity Cycle ◽  
Planetary Science ◽  
Radiation Belts ◽  
Outer Radiation Belt ◽  
Night Side ◽  
Cross Calibration

<p>BepiColombo is a joint mission of the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) to the planet Mercury, that was launched in October 2018 and it is due to arrive at Mercury in late 2025. It consists of two spacecraft, the Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO) built by ESA, and the Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter (MMO) built by JAXA, as well as a Mercury Transfer Module (MTM) for propulsion built by ESA. The cruise phase to Mercury will last ~7 years and constitutes an exceptional opportunity for studying the evolution of the solar wind, solar transients, as well as for planetary science and planetary space weather. Some important aspects to consider during the cruise are the close distances to the Sun that BepiColombo will face, the near half-solar activity cycle that will cover, as well as the several flybys to Earth, Venus and Mercury that will perform. So far, BepiColombo has accomplished a flyby to Earth in April 2020 and a flyby to Venus in October 2020, with a second flyby to Venus programmed for August 2021 and the first Mercury flyby in October 2021.</p><p>This work focuses on the flyby to Earth, and in particular, on the radiation belt observations performed by several instruments onboard BepiColombo. The flyby occurred on 10 April 2020 under relatively steady solar wind conditions. BepiColombo crossed the outer radiation belt on the terrestrial dawn side when moving from the day side to the night side. It skimmed the inner radiation belt on the night side sector after dawn, and then crossed again the outer belt at night (behind the dusk terminator region). Two instruments onboard the MPO spacecraft were able to take measurements of the belts: the BepiColombo Radiation Monitor (BERM) and the Solar Intensity X-Ray and Particle Spectrometer (SIXS). In this work, we report the particle species, radiation and energies observed by these two instruments, as well as we perform a cross-calibration of their detections, which is an important activity in preparation for joint-observations of the Hermean environment. Moreover, using magnetic field observations from MPO-MAG, we also investigate the trajectory of the particles within the radiation belts. This work is complemented with data from other missions that give us the state of the terrestrial system and frame our observations into the right context. It includes data from Cluster-II, Themis, and Arase/ERG missions.</p>

Identification of interplanetary parameter schemes which drive the variability of the magnetospheric radiation environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Katsavrias ◽  
Afroditi Nasi ◽  
Constantinos Papadimitriou ◽  
Sigiava Aminalragia-Giamini ◽  
Ingmar Sandberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Radiation Belt ◽  
Solar Energetic Particle ◽  
Radiation Environment ◽  
Relativistic Electrons ◽  
Outer Radiation Belt ◽  
Core Technology ◽  
Cycle 24 ◽  
Solar Wind Parameters ◽  
Time And Energy

<p>The energetic particles of the outer radiation belt are highly variable in space, time and energy, due to the complex interplay between various mechanisms that contribute to their energization and/or loss. Previous studies have focused on the influence of solar wind and magnetospheric processes on the electron population dynamics, showing that the eventual effect of the various interplanetary drivers results from different combinations of IMF and solar wind parameters. Yet, all of these studies were limited in temporal, spatial and energy coverage. In this work, we take advantage of a large dataset, which includes multipoint measurements of electron fluxes covering a large energy range and various orbits (e.g. Van Allen Probes, GOES, HIMAWARI, SREM monitors, etc.), as well as approximately the whole solar cycle 24 to deduce specific interplanetary parameter schemes that drive enhancements or depletions of relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belt. Our study also investigates parameters which are correlated to the Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) environment with the long-term goal of connecting the two sets of results for coherent merging of environment models.</p><p>This work is supported by ESA’s Science Core Technology Programme (CTP) under contract No. 4000127282/19/IB/gg.</p>

scholarly journals Earth’s magnetosphere and outer radiation belt under sub-Alfvénic solar wind

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noé Lugaz ◽  
Charles J. Farrugia ◽  
Chia-Lin Huang ◽  
Reka M. Winslow ◽  
Harlan E. Spence ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Radiation Belt ◽  
Outer Radiation Belt ◽  
Earth’S Magnetosphere ◽  
Earth's Magnetosphere

scholarly journals Average profiles of the solar wind and outer radiation belt during the extreme flux enhancement of relativistic electrons at geosynchronous orbit

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1335-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kataoka ◽  
Y. Miyoshi
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Radiation Belt ◽  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Geosynchronous Orbit ◽  
Relativistic Electrons ◽  
Outer Radiation Belt ◽  
Flux Enhancement ◽  
Solar Wind Structure

Abstract. We report average profiles of the solar wind and outer radiation belt during the extreme flux enhancement of relativistic electrons at geosynchronous orbit (GEO). It is found that seven of top ten extreme events at GEO during solar cycle 23 are associated with the magnetosphere inflation during the storm recovery phase as caused by the large-scale solar wind structure of very low dynamic pressure (<1.0 nPa) during rapid speed decrease from very high (>650 km/s) to typical (400–500 km/s) in a few days. For the seven events, the solar wind parameters, geomagnetic activity indices, and relativistic electron flux and geomagnetic field at GEO are superposed at the local noon period of GOES satellites to investigate the physical cause. The average profiles support the "double inflation" mechanism that the rarefaction of the solar wind and subsequent magnetosphere inflation are one of the best conditions to produce the extreme flux enhancement at GEO because of the excellent magnetic confinement of relativistic electrons by reducing the drift loss of trapped electrons at dayside magnetopause.

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