scholarly journals Occurrence characteristics of outer zone relativistic electron butterfly distribution: A survey of Van Allen Probes REPT measurements

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 5644-5652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binbin Ni ◽  
Zhengyang Zou ◽  
Xinlin Li ◽  
Jacob Bortnik ◽  
Lun Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relativistic Electron ◽  
Outer Zone ◽  
Van Allen Probes ◽  
Occurrence Characteristics

scholarly journals Relativistic electron microbursts and variations in trapped MeV electron fluxes during the 8–9 October 2012 storm: SAMPEX and Van Allen Probes observations

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 3017-3025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Kurita ◽  
Yoshizumi Miyoshi ◽  
J. Bernard Blake ◽  
Geoffery D. Reeves ◽  
Craig A. Kletzing
Keyword(s):  
Relativistic Electron ◽  
Van Allen Probes

scholarly journals Modeling the Proton Radiation Belt With Van Allen Probes Relativistic Electron‐Proton Telescope Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 685-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Selesnick ◽  
D. N. Baker ◽  
S. G. Kanekal ◽  
V. C. Hoxie ◽  
X. Li
Keyword(s):  
Relativistic Electron ◽  
Radiation Belt ◽  
Proton Radiation ◽  
Van Allen Probes

scholarly journals On the seasonal dependence of relativistic electron fluxes

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1101-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Kanekal ◽  
D. N. Baker ◽  
R. L. McPherron
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Relativistic Electron ◽  
Solar Wind Speed ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Outer Zone ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Relativistic Electrons ◽  
Phase Dependence ◽  
Autumnal Equinox ◽  
Seasonal Dependence

Abstract. The nature of the seasonal dependence of relativistic electron fluxes in the Earth's outer zone is investigated using 11 years of data from sensors onboard the SAMPEX spacecraft. It is found that, the relativistic electron fluxes show a strong semiannual modulation. However, the highest electron fluxes occur at times well away from the nominal equinoxes, lagging them by about 30 days. The time lag also shows a solar cycle phase dependence for the peak fluxes. The electron peak fluxes lag the vernal equinox by almost 60 days during the ascending phase of the solar cycle while the time lag near the autumnal equinox remains unchanged. The observed times of the peak electron fluxes during the descending phase of the solar cycle agrees most closely with the Russel-Mcpherron effect and less so with the equinoctial effect even after including propagation effects for finite solar wind speed. The observed times of the electron peaks are in disagreement with the axial effect. The asymmetrical response of the relativistic electrons during the ascending part of the solar cycle remains a puzzle.

scholarly journals Occurrence characteristics of relativistic electron microbursts from SAMPEX observations

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (8) ◽  
pp. 8096-8107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Douma ◽  
Craig J. Rodger ◽  
Lauren W. Blum ◽  
Mark A. Clilverd
Keyword(s):  
Relativistic Electron ◽  
Occurrence Characteristics

scholarly journals Wave–particle interaction effects in the Van Allen belts

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel N. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Radiation Belt ◽  
Particle Interaction ◽  
Outer Zone ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Particle Interactions ◽  
Magnetospheric Substorms ◽  
Chorus Waves ◽  
Van Allen Probes ◽  
Wave Particle Interactions

AbstractDiscovering such structures as the third radiation belt (or “storage ring”) has been a major observational achievement of the NASA Radiation Belt Storm Probes program (renamed the “Van Allen Probes” mission in November 2012). A goal of that program was to understand more thoroughly how high-energy electrons are accelerated deep inside the radiation belts—and ultimately lost—due to various wave–particle interactions. Van Allen Probes studies have demonstrated that electrons ranging up to 10 megaelectron volts (MeV) or more can be produced over broad regions of the outer Van Allen zone on timescales as short as a few minutes. The key to such rapid acceleration is the interaction of “seed” populations of ~ 10–200 keV electrons (and subsequently higher energies) with electromagnetic waves in the lower band (whistler-mode) chorus frequency range. Van Allen Probes data show that “source” electrons (in a typical energy range of one to a few tens of keV energy) produced by magnetospheric substorms play a crucial role in feeding free energy into the chorus waves in the outer zone. These chorus waves then, in turn, rapidly heat and accelerate the tens to hundreds of keV seed electrons injected by substorms to much higher energies. Hence, we often see that geomagnetic activity driven by strong solar storms (coronal mass ejections, or CMEs) commonly leads to ultra-relativistic electron production through the intermediary step of waves produced during intense magnetospheric substorms. More generally, wave–particle interactions are of fundamental importance over a broad range of energies and in virtually all regions of the magnetosphere. We provide a summary of many of the wave modes and particle interactions that have been studied in recent times.

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