scholarly journals Can high-temperature, high-heat flux hydrothermal vent fields be explained by thermal convection in the lower crust along fast-spreading Mid-Ocean Ridges?

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1907-1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice J. Fontaine ◽  
M. Rabinowicz ◽  
M. Cannat
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Thermal Convection ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Lower Crust ◽  
High Heat ◽  
High Heat Flux ◽  
Ocean Ridges ◽  
Fast Spreading

Design and Calibration of a Novel High Temperature Heat Flux Gage

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujay Raphael-Mabel ◽  
Scott Huxtable ◽  
Andrew Gifford ◽  
Thomas E. Diller
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Heat Flux Sensor ◽  
High Heat Flux ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Metal Plates ◽  
New Type ◽  
Flux Sensor ◽  
Calibration Apparatus

A new type of heat flux sensor (HTHFS) has been designed and constructed for applications at high temperature and high heat flux. It is constructed by connecting solid metal plates to form brass/steel thermocouple junctions in a series circuit. The thermal resistance layer of the HTHFS consists of the thermocouple materials themselves, thus improving temperature limits and lowering the temperature disruption of the sensor. The sensor can even withstand considerable erosion of the surface with little effect on the operation. A new type of convection calibration apparatus was designed and built specifically to supply a large convection heat flux. The heat flux was supplied simultaneously to both a test and standard gage by using two heated jets of air that impinged perpendicularly on the surface of each gage. The sensitivity for the HTHFS was measured to have an average value of 20 μV/(W/cm2). The uncertainty in this result was determined to be ±10% over the entire range tested. The sensitivity agrees with the theoretically calculated sensitivity for the materials and geometry used. Recommendations for future improvements in the construction and use of the sensors are discussed.

Calibration of a Gardon Sensor in a High-Temperature High Heat Flux Stagnation Facility

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Stathopoulos ◽  
F. Hofmann ◽  
T. Rothenfluh ◽  
Ph. R. von Rohr
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Heat ◽  
High Heat Flux

Micromachined Thermocouple for Rapid Detection of Ultra-high Heat Flux at High Temperature

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Jiayu Wang ◽  
Wei Tian ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Hong Zhou ◽  
Yunqian He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
High Heat ◽  
High Heat Flux

High-Temperature Thermocouple and Heat Flux Gauge Using a Unique Thin Film-Hardware Hot Junction

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 938-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Liebert ◽  
R. Holanda ◽  
S. A. Hippensteele ◽  
C. A. Andracchio
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Heat ◽  
High Heat Flux ◽  
Transfer Experiment ◽  
Plate Heat ◽  
Good Agreement

A special thin film-hardware material thermocouple (TC) and heat flux gauge concept for a reasonably high-temperature and high heat flux, flat-plate heat transfer experiment was fabricated and tested to gauge temperatures of 911 K. This unique concept was developed for minimal disturbance of boundary layer temperature and flow over the plates and minimal disturbance of heat flux through the plates. Comparison of special heat flux gauge Stanton number output at steady-state conditions with benchmark literature data was good and agreement was within a calculated uncertainty of the measurement system. Also, good agreement of special TC and standard TC outputs was obtained and the results are encouraging. Oxidation of thin film thermoelements was a primary failure mode after about 5 hr of operation.

scholarly journals Heat-Absorbing Capacity of High-Heat-Flux Components in Nuclear Fusion Reactors

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3771
Author(s):  
Lee ◽  
Kim ◽  
Moon ◽  
Lim ◽  
Cho
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Fusion Reactor ◽  
Nuclear Fusion ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Fusion Reactors ◽  
High Heat Flux ◽  
Nuclear Fusion Reactor

Nuclear fusion energy is a solution to the substitution of fossil fuels and the global energy deficit. However, among the several problems encountered for realizing a nuclear fusion reactor, the divertor presents difficulties due to the tremendous heat flux (~10 MW/m2) from high-temperature plasma. Also, neutrons produce additional heat (~17.5 MW/m3) from collisions with the materials’ atoms. This may lead to unexpected effects such as thermal failure. Thus, a comprehensive investigation on the divertor module is needed to determine the heat-absorbing capacity of the divertor module so to maintain the effect of incident heat flux. In this study, using an analytical approach and a simulation, the quantitative effect of heat generation on the thermophysical behavior, such as temperature and thermal stress, was analyzed while maintaining the incident heat flux. Then, a correlated equation was derived from the thermal design criteria, namely, the maximum thimble temperature and the safety factor at the vulnerable point. Finally, on the basis of the thermal design criteria, the heat-absorbing capacity of a nuclear fusion reactor in operating conditions was determined. This study contributes to the understanding of the divertor’s effects in nuclear fusion reactors for high-heat-flux and high-temperature applications.

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