scholarly journals Magmatic control along a strike-slip volcanic arc: The central Aeolian arc (Italy)

Tectonics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ruch ◽  
L. Vezzoli ◽  
R. De Rosa ◽  
R. Di Lorenzo ◽  
V. Acocella
Keyword(s):  
2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (1) ◽  
pp. 585-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria C Araya ◽  
Juliet Biggs

SUMMARY Tectonic slivers form in the overriding plate in regions of oblique subduction. The inner boundaries of the sliver are often poorly defined and can consist of well-defined faults, rotating blocks or diffuse fault systems, which pass through or near the volcanic arc. The Guanacaste Volcanic Arc Sliver (GVAS) as defined by Montero et al., is a segment of the Central American Forearc Sliver, whose inner boundary is the ∼87-km-long Haciendas-Chiripa fault system (HCFS), which is located ∼10 km behind the volcanic arc and consists of strike slip faults and pull apart steps. We characterize the current ground motion on this boundary by combining earthquake locations and focal mechanisms of the 2016 Bijagua earthquake sequence, with the surface ground deformation obtained from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) images from the ALOS-2 satellite. The coseismic stack of interferograms show ∼6 cm of displacement towards the line of sight of the satellite between the Caño Negro fault and the Upala fault, indicating uplift or SE horizontal surface displacement. The largest recorded earthquake of the sequence was Mw 5.4, and the observed deformation is one of the smallest earthquakes yet detected by InSAR in the Central American region. Forward and inverse models show the surface deformation can be partially explained by slip on a single fault, but it can be better explained by slip along two faults linked at depth. The best-fitting model consists of 0.33 m of right lateral slip on the Caño Negro fault and 0.35 m of reverse slip on the Upala fault, forming a positive flower structure. As no reverse seismicity was recorded, we infer the slip on the Upala fault occurred aseismically. Observations of the Bijagua earthquake sequence suggests the forearc sliver boundary is a complex and diffuse fault system. There are localized zones of transpression and transtension and areas where there is no surface expression suggesting the fault system is not yet mature. Although aseismic slip is common on subduction interfaces and mature strike-slip faults, this is the first study to document aseismic slip on a continental tectonic sliver boundary fault.


1993 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Kassi ◽  
J. A. Weir

AbstractThe Ordovician and Silurian successions between Falahill and Galashiels encompass six flysch-dominated formations: the Upper Ordovician Portpatrick and Shinnel Formations representing the Leadhills Group, the Llandovery Mindork, Garheugh, and Buckholm Formations together comprising the Gala Group, and a formation indeterminate of age within the Hawick Group. Southward ensialic andesitic volcanic arc and northward low- to medium-grade sialic sources contributed sediment, whilst ophiolitic and subduction-related sources made minor contributions. Deposition took place firstly, in a SE-migrating back-arc basin bordering the northerly source, the Laurentian continent. Subsequent NW-directed underthrusting led to formation out of the back-arc basin of an imbricate thrust stack which migrated southeastwards. Ultimately a foreland successor basin formed ahead of the rising thrust stack.Flysch units are typically associated with linear outcrops of Moffat Shales which are the loci of major steep SE-translating reverse faults, two of which participate in a late-stage sinistral strike–slip duplex with large-scale imbrication. The faults divide the succession into a sequence of tectonostratigraphic blocks, successively younger to the SE. At least six of the ten blocks customarily recognised in the Southern Uplands, Blocks 3–8, are represented, some of which coincide with single or complete formations.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Regnier ◽  
Gabriela Ponce ◽  
Marianne Saillard ◽  
Laurence Audin ◽  
Sandro Vaca ◽  
...  

<p>Along the Ecuadorian margin, the North Andean Sliver is moving in the northeastward direction due to the oblique subduction of the Nazca plate. The opening of the gulf of Guayaquil is a consequence of this motion. Two principal models compete to explain the opening. One proposes an opening achieved essentially with strike-slip motion along a single major fault through the gulf, the other with a combination of strike-slip and normal faulting on both sides of the gulf. The consequences in term of seismic hazard are very different. A single strike-slip fault model could imply a long fault segment capable of generating large magnitude events. In contrast, a multi-segments composite fault system will give conditions for producing small to medium size earthquakes. The southern Ecuador subduction zone is characterized by the absence of large historical earthquake. Data from the historical and instrumental seismicity for magnitude above 4 show the forearc has a high level of moderate seismic activity within and around the gulf that connects to the crustal seismic activity of the volcanic arc. In contrast, the forearc elsewhere shows very little or no seismic activity between the marine forearc zone and the volcanic arc. Regional and global CMTS data show a large number of mechanisms within the gulf that do not line up on a simple straight fault system. We present new earthquake data from the recently upgraded national seismic network of Ecuador. They provide the first image of SW-NE trending crustal faults stretching in the central part of the gulf and running eastward south of the Puna island. The main seismic belt appears to be discontinuous, made of short length segments with variable trends. The variety of focal solutions also indicates complex faulting. As the shape of this seismic belt is in good agreement with the orientation of the GPS velocity vectors, this new fault zone is readily interpreted as the southernmost segment of the actual NAS boundary. Others seismic clusters are observed parallel to the northern coast of the gulf, indicating active structures eventually accommodating the North-South opening of the gulf through normal faulting. b-value analysis of the main seismic belt seismicity shows high b value (>1) indicating either highly fractured or heterogeneous medium, or/and low stress level within the gulf of Guayaquil. This is again in agreement with a multi-segmented faulting system and also with the lack of large magnitude event in the historical seismic data. A cross-section for the entire seismic belt shows a depth extend of the crustal seismic activity down to 30 km which confirms the seismic belt to be a sliver boundary.</p>


2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sakellariou ◽  
J. Mascle ◽  
V. Lykousis

Recently acquired offshore seismic and swath bathymetry data from the Hellenic Arc, the Ionian Sea and the South and North Aegean Sea, including the Hellenic Volcanic Arc and the Cyclades plateau, along with geological and tectonic data from Plio-Quaternary basins exposed on the Hellenic Arc indicate that strike slip tectonics has played a major role in the southwestward extension of the Aegean crustal block, the development of the offshore neotectonic basins and the spatial distribution of the volcanic activity along the Volcanic Arc. Transtensional deformation, accommodated by (sinistral or dextral) strike slip zones and related extensional structures, prevail throughout Plio-Quaternary, since the North Anatolian Fault broke westwards into the North Aegean. Incipient collision of the Hellenic Forearc south of Crete with the Libyan promontory and consequent lateral escape tectonics led to the segmentation of the Hellenic Arc in distinct blocks, which move southwestwards independently from each other and are bounded by strike slip faults.


2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sakellariou ◽  
H. Sigurdsson ◽  
M. Alexandri ◽  
S. Carey ◽  
G. Rousakis ◽  
...  

This paper studies the rupture system of the Anydhros Basin, northeast of Thera island, and its relationship to the submarine volcanic activity along the Kolumbo line. Anydhros Basin is a N45o E trending elongate basin bounded by the Ios-Fault-Zone (IFZ) towards NW and by the AnydhrosFault-Zone (AFZ) towards SE. The AFZ continues southwestwards, crosscutting Thera Island. Swath bathymetry and seismic profiling data indicate that the Anydhros basin sedimentary infill is fractured by vertical, predominantly strike-slip faults, parallel to which the volcanic cones are aligned. We propose that the “KameniKolumbo Line” is an active, 40km-long, strike-slip fault zone. The KameniKolumbo strike slip runs through the volcanoes of Nea Kameni and Kolumbo and controls the spatial distribution of the volcanic cones along the axis of Anyhdros basin.


1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 2706-2721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Lynch

Early Cretaceous clastic volcanic-arc rocks of the Gambier Group in the southern Coast Belt were deposited in estuarine and marine environments on a deeply incised unconformity exposing Jurassic plutonic and arc assemblages. The Cretaceous arc was deformed in response to Late Cretaceous oblique subduction, producing orogen-parallel and orogen-normal shortening. Supracrustal Early Cretaceous rocks are preserved, in part, within the footwalls of overthrust sheets.Basal conglomerate and transgressive clastic successions underlie the volcanic edifices, with clasts reflecting volcanic – plutonic provenance. Volcanic rocks are calc-alkalic and span the complete basalt–andesite–dacite–rhyolite association typical of composite volcanoes. Extensive coarse pyroclastic deposits record an explosive volcanic environment.The Gambier Group occurs within the foreland of the major structural and metamorphic culmination of the southeastern Coast Belt. Early thin-skinned thrusting occurred to the east, repeating the Cretaceous stratigraphy. Overturned detached folds are associated with southerly directed thrusting developed during orogen-parallel shortening, likely in relation to large strike-slip fault systems. Later southwest-directed thrusting and associated large-amplitude folding occurred during Late Cretaceous arc-normal shortening, folding the earlier thrusts. To the southwest, tectonic wedging developed, with much of the Gambier Group preserved in the footwall of opposite southwest- and northeast-facing thrust systems; here southwest-directed thrusts emplaced Late Jurassic plutonic rocks, an unconformity, and lower Gambier strata over younger members, whereas concomitant or younger northeast-directed back thrusts emplaced the mid-Cretaceous plutonic roots of the arc above its volcanic derivative.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 781-790
Author(s):  
M. Rizwan Akram ◽  
Ali Yesilyurt ◽  
A.Can. Zulfikar ◽  
F. Göktepe

Research on buried gas pipelines (BGPs) has taken an important consideration due to their failures in recent earthquakes. In permanent ground deformation (PGD) hazards, seismic faults are considered as one of the major causes of BGPs failure due to accumulation of impermissible tensile strains. In current research, four steel pipes such as X-42, X-52, X-60, and X-70 grades crossing through strike-slip, normal and reverse seismic faults have been investigated. Firstly, failure of BGPs due to change in soil-pipe parameters have been analyzed. Later, effects of seismic fault parameters such as change in dip angle and angle between pipe and fault plane are evaluated. Additionally, effects due to changing pipe class levels are also examined. The results of current study reveal that BGPs can resist until earthquake moment magnitude of 7.0 but fails above this limit under the assumed geotechnical properties of current study. In addition, strike-slip fault can trigger early damage in BGPs than normal and reverse faults. In the last stage, an early warning system is proposed based on the current procedure. 


2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Caracausi ◽  
M. Ditta ◽  
F. Italiano ◽  
M. Longo ◽  
P. M. Nuccio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-40
Author(s):  
Alexandra Wallenberg ◽  
Michelle Dafov ◽  
David Malone ◽  
John Craddock

A harzburgite intrusion, which is part of the trailside mafic complex) intrudes ~2900-2950 Ma gneisses in the hanging wall of the Laramide Bighorn uplift west of Buffalo, Wyoming. The harzburgite is composed of pristine orthopyroxene (bronzite), clinopyroxene, serpentine after olivine and accessory magnetite-serpentinite seams, and strike-slip striated shear zones. The harzburgite is crosscut by a hydrothermally altered wehrlite dike (N20°E, 90°, 1 meter wide) with no zircons recovered. Zircons from the harzburgite reveal two ages: 1) a younger set that has a concordia upper intercept age of 2908±6 Ma and a weighted mean age of 2909.5±6.1 Ma; and 2) an older set that has a concordia upper intercept age of 2934.1±8.9 Ma and a weighted mean age 2940.5±5.8 Ma. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) was used as a proxy for magmatic intrusion and the harzburgite preserves a sub-horizontal Kmax fabric (n=18) suggesting lateral intrusion. Alternating Field (AF) demagnetization for the harzburgite yielded a paleopole of 177.7 longitude, -14.4 latitude. The AF paleopole for the wehrlite dike has a vertical (90°) inclination suggesting intrusion at high latitude. The wehrlite dike preserves a Kmax fabric (n=19) that plots along the great circle of the dike and is difficult to interpret. The harzburgite has a two-component magnetization preserved that indicates a younger Cretaceous chemical overprint that may indicate a 90° clockwise vertical axis rotation of the Clear Creek thrust hanging wall, a range-bounding east-directed thrust fault that accommodated uplift of Bighorn Mountains during the Eocene Laramide Orogeny.


2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar Madan ◽  
Poonam Arya ◽  
N. R. Garg

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