scholarly journals Regional atmospheric circulation over Europe during the Last Glacial Maximum and its links to precipitation

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 2130-2145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Ludwig ◽  
Erik J. Schaffernicht ◽  
Yaping Shao ◽  
Joaquim G. Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

Regional Synthesis of Mediterranean Atmospheric Circulation During the Last Glacial Maximum

Science ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 321 (5894) ◽  
pp. 1338-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kuhlemann ◽  
E. J. Rohling ◽  
I. Krumrei ◽  
P. Kubik ◽  
S. Ivy-Ochs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

Alpine Evidence for Atmospheric Circulation Patterns in Europe during the Last Glacial Maximum

2000 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duri Florineth ◽  
Christian Schlüchter
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Storm Track ◽  
Polar Front ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Alps ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

The configuration of Alpine accumulation areas during the last glacial maximum (LGM) has been reconstructed using glacial–geological mapping. The results indicate that the LGM ice surface consisted of at least three major ice domes, all located south of the principal weather divide of the Alps. This implies that the buildup of the main Alpine ice cover during oxygen isotope stage (OIS) 2 was related to precipitation by dominant southerly atmospheric circulation, in contrast to today's prevalent westerly airflow. Such a reorganization of the atmospheric circulation is consistent with a southward displacement of the Oceanic Polar Front in the North Atlantic and of the associated storm track to the south of the Alps. These results, combined with additional paleoclimate records from western and southern Europe, allow an interpretation of the asynchronous evolution of the different European ice caps during the last glaciation. δ18O stages (OIS) 4 and 3 were characterized by location of the Polar Front north of 46°N (Gulf of Biscay). This affected prevailing westerly circulation and thus, ice buildup in western Scandinavia, the Pyrénées, Vosges, and northern Alps. At the LGM, however, the Polar Front lay at ∼44°N, causing dominating southerly circulation and reduced precipitation in central and northern Europe.

Reconstructions of the past distribution of Testudo graeca mitochondrial lineages in the Middle East and Transcaucasia support multiple refugia since the Last Glacial Maximum

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Oguz Turkozan
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Testudo Graeca ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Past ◽  
Precipitation Seasonality ◽  
Multiple Refugia ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

A cycle of glacial and interglacial periods in the Quaternary caused species’ ranges to expand and contract in response to climatic and environmental changes. During interglacial periods, many species expanded their distribution ranges from refugia into higher elevations and latitudes. In the present work, we projected the responses of the five lineages of Testudo graeca in the Middle East and Transcaucasia as the climate shifted from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, Mid – Holocene), to the present. Under the past LGM and Mid-Holocene bioclimatic conditions, models predicted relatively more suitable habitats for some of the lineages. The most significant bioclimatic variables in predicting the present and past potential distribution of clades are the precipitation of the warmest quarter for T. g. armeniaca (95.8 %), precipitation seasonality for T. g. buxtoni (85.0 %), minimum temperature of the coldest month for T. g. ibera (75.4 %), precipitation of the coldest quarter for T. g. terrestris (34.1 %), and the mean temperature of the driest quarter for T. g. zarudyni (88.8 %). Since the LGM, we hypothesise that the ranges of lineages have either expanded (T. g. ibera), contracted (T. g. zarudnyi) or remained stable (T. g. terrestris), and for other two taxa (T. g. armeniaca and T. g. buxtoni) the pattern remains unclear. Our analysis predicts multiple refugia for Testudo during the LGM and supports previous hypotheses about high lineage richness in Anatolia resulting from secondary contact.

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