scholarly journals Basin-scale assessment of the land surface water budget in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction operational and research NLDAS-2 systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 2750-2779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youlong Xia ◽  
Brian A. Cosgrove ◽  
Kenneth E. Mitchell ◽  
Christa D. Peters-Lidard ◽  
Michael B. Ek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Water Budget ◽  
Scale Assessment ◽  
Land Surface Water ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Environmental Prediction

scholarly journals Evaluation of AMIP II Global Climate Model Simulations of the Land Surface Water Budget and Its Components over the GEWEX-CEOP Regions

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Irannejad ◽  
A. Henderson-Sellers
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Water Budget ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Atmospheric Model ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Land Surface Water ◽  
Simulated Precipitation ◽  
Basin Scale

Abstract The land surface water balance components simulated by 20 atmospheric global circulation models (AGCMs) participating in phase II of the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP II) are analyzed globally and over seven Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period basins. In contrast to the conclusions from analysis of AMIP I, the results presented here suggest that the group average of available AGCMs does not outperform all individual AGCMs in simulating the surface water balance components. Analysis shows that the available reanalysis products are not appropriate for evaluation of AGCMs’ simulated land surface water components. The worst simulation of the surface water budget is in the Murray–Darling, the most arid basin, where all the reanalyses and seven of the AGCMs produce a negative surface water budget, with evaporation alone exceeding precipitation and soil moisture decreasing over the whole AMIP II period in this basin. The spatiotemporal correlation coefficients between observed and AGCM-simulated runoff are smaller than those for precipitation. In almost all basins (except for the two most arid basins), the spatiotemporal variations of the AGCMs’ simulated evaporation are more coherent and agree better with observations, compared to those of simulated precipitation. This suggests that differences among the AGCMs’ surface water budget predictions are not solely due to model-generated precipitation differences. Specifically, it is shown that different land surface parameterization schemes partition precipitation between evaporation and runoff differently and that this, in addition to the predicted differences in atmospheric forcings, is responsible for different predictions of basin-scale water budgets. The authors conclude that the selection of a land surface scheme for an atmospheric model has significant impacts on the predicted continental and basin-scale surface hydrology.

Remote sensing: hydrology

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuhong Tang ◽  
Huilin Gao ◽  
Hui Lu ◽  
Dennis P. Lettenmaier
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Water Budget ◽  
Current Status ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Surface Hydrology ◽  
Earth Observing System ◽  
Land Surface Water ◽  
Terrestrial Water

Satellite remote sensing is a viable source of observations of land surface hydrologic fluxes and state variables, particularly in regions where in situ networks are sparse. Over the last 10 years, the study of land surface hydrology using remote sensing techniques has advanced greatly with the launch of NASA’s Earth Observing System (EOS) and other research satellite platforms, and with the development of more sophisticated retrieval algorithms. Most of the constituent variables in the land surface water balance (eg, precipitation, evapotranspiration, snow and ice, soil moisture, and terrestrial water storage variations) are now observable at varying spatial and temporal resolutions and accuracy via remote sensing. We evaluate the current status of estimates of each of these variables, as well as river discharge, the direct estimation of which is not yet possible. Although most of the constituent variables are observable by remote sensing, attempts to close the surface water budget from remote sensing alone have generally been unsuccessful, suggesting that current generation sensors and platforms are not yet able to provide hydrologically consistent observations of the land surface water budget at any spatial scale.

scholarly journals Basin-scale assessment of the land surface energy budget in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction operational and research NLDAS-2 systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youlong Xia ◽  
Brian A. Cosgrove ◽  
Kenneth E. Mitchell ◽  
Christa D. Peters-Lidard ◽  
Michael B. Ek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Surface Energy Budget ◽  
Scale Assessment ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Environmental Prediction

scholarly journals Evaluation of the land surface water budget in NCEP/NCAR and NCEP/DOE reanalyses using an off-line hydrologic model

2001 ◽  
Vol 106 (D16) ◽  
pp. 17841-17862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin P. Maurer ◽  
Greg M. O'Donnell ◽  
Dennis P. Lettenmaier ◽  
John O. Roads
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Water Budget ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Land Surface Water

scholarly journals Unsupervised Sub-Pixel Water Body Mapping with Sentinel-3 OLCI Image

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Wang ◽  
Feng Ling ◽  
Huaiying Yao ◽  
Yaolin Liu ◽  
Shuna Xu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Body Mapping ◽  
Water Index ◽  
Land Surface Water ◽  
Body Map

Mapping land surface water bodies from satellite images is superior to conventional in situ measurements. With the mission of long-term and high-frequency water quality monitoring, the launch of the Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) onboard Sentinel-3A and Sentinel-3B provides the best possible approach for near real-time land surface water body mapping. Sentinel-3 OLCI contains 21 bands ranging from visible to near-infrared, but the spatial resolution is limited to 300 m, which may include lots of mixed pixels around the boundaries. Sub-pixel mapping (SPM) provides a good solution for the mixed pixel problem in water body mapping. In this paper, an unsupervised sub-pixel water body mapping (USWBM) method was proposed particularly for the Sentinel-3 OLCI image, and it aims to produce a finer spatial resolution (e.g., 30 m) water body map from the multispectral image. Instead of using the fraction maps of water/non-water or multispectral images combined with endmembers of water/non-water classes as input, USWBM directly uses the spectral water index images of the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) extracted from the Sentinel-3 OLCI image as input and produces a water body map at the target finer spatial resolution. Without the collection of endmembers, USWBM accomplished the unsupervised process by developing a multi-scale spatial dependence based on an unsupervised sub-pixel Fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering algorithm. In both validations in the Tibet Plate lake and Poyang lake, USWBM produced more accurate water body maps than the other pixel and sub-pixel based water body mapping methods. The proposed USWBM, therefore, has great potential to support near real-time sub-pixel water body mapping with the Sentinel-3 OLCI image.

Analysis of Landsat-8 OLI imagery for land surface water mapping

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 672-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Du ◽  
Wenbo Li ◽  
Dongbo Zhou ◽  
Liqiao Tian ◽  
Feng Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Landsat 8 Oli ◽  
Land Surface Water ◽  
Water Mapping

HAPEX—MOBILHY: A Hydrologic Atmospheric Experiment the Study of Water Budget and Evaporation Flux at the Climatic Scale

1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude André ◽  
Jean-Paul Goutorbe ◽  
Alain Perrier
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Water Budget ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Surface Energy Budget ◽  
Surface Hydrology ◽  
Land Surface Water ◽  
Evaporation Flux

The HAPEX-MOBILHY program is aimed at studying the hydrological budget and evaporation flux at the scale of a GCM (general circulation model) grid square, i.e., 104 km2. Different surface and subsurface networks will be operated during the year 1986, to measure and monitor soil moisture, surface-energy budget and surface hydrology, as well as atmospheric properties. A two-and-a-half-month special observing period will allow for detailed measurements of atmospheric fluxes and for intensive remote sensing of surface properties using well-instrumented aircraft. The main objective of the program, for which guest investigations are strongly encouraged, is to provide a data base against which parameterization schemes for the land-surface water budget will be tested and developed.

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