scholarly journals The energy spectrum of X-rays from rocket-triggered lightning

2015 ◽  
Vol 120 (20) ◽  
pp. 10,951-10,963 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Arabshahi ◽  
J. R. Dwyer ◽  
E. S. Cramer ◽  
J. E. Grove ◽  
C. Gwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Triggered Lightning

scholarly journals Spectral Tomography for 3D Element Detection and Mineral Analysis

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 598
Author(s):  
Jose R. A. Godinho ◽  
Gabriel Westaway-Heaven ◽  
Marijn A. Boone ◽  
Axel D. Renno
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
X Rays ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Spectral Computed Tomography

This paper demonstrates the potential of a new 3D imaging technique, Spectral Computed Tomography (sp-CT), to identify heavy elements inside materials, which can be used to classify mineral phases. The method combines the total X-ray transmission measured by a normal polychromatic X-ray detector, and the transmitted X-ray energy spectrum measured by a detector that discriminates between X-rays with energies of about 1.1 keV resolution. An analysis of the energy spectrum allows to identify sudden changes of transmission at K-edge energies that are specific of each element. The additional information about the elements in a phase improves the classification of mineral phases from grey-scale 3D images that would be otherwise difficult due to artefacts or the lack of contrast between phases. The ability to identify the elements inside the minerals that compose ore particles and rocks is crucial to broaden the application of 3D imaging in Earth sciences research and mineral process engineering, which will represent an important complement to traditional 2D imaging mineral characterization methods. In this paper, the first applications of sp-CT to classify mineral phases are showcased and the limitations and further developments are discussed.

scholarly journals Simultaneous measurements of X-rays and electrons during a pulsating aurora

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Østgaard ◽  
J. Stadsnes ◽  
K. Aarsnes ◽  
F. Søraas ◽  
K. Måseide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Energetic Particle ◽  
Good Method ◽  
Electron Energy Spectrum ◽  
Electron Precipitation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Spectra ◽  
Simultaneous Measurements

Abstract. The PULSAUR II rocket was launched from Andøya Rocket Range at 23.43 UT on 9 February 1994 into a pulsating aurora. In this paper we focus on the observations of precipitating electrons and auroral X-rays. By using models it is possible to deduce the electron energy spectrum from X-ray measurements. Comparisons are made between the deduced electron fluxes and the directly measured electron fluxes on the rocket. We found the shape of the observed and the deduced electron spectra to fit very well, with almost identical e-folding energies in the energy range from 10 ke V to ~60–80 ke V. For the integrated fluxes from 10.8 to 250 ke V, we found a discrepancy of 30% . By combining two models, we have found a good method of deducing the electron precipitation from X-ray measurements. The discrepancies between calculations and measurements are in the range of the uncertainties in the measurements.Key words. Ionospheric particle precipitation · Magnetospheric physics · Annual phenomena · Energetic particle

scholarly journals NEEDLE DETECTOR OF X-RAY AND GAMMA RADIATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-124
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Domański ◽  
Roman Szabatin ◽  
Piotr Brzeski ◽  
Bogumił Konarzewski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Proportional Counter ◽  
Incident Radiation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Direction Parallel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gas Detector

The article presents the developed structure of the novel needle proportional gas detector (NPC – Needle Proportional Counter) used for the detection of X-rays and gamma rays. The advantage of the detector is its simple mechanical construction and the possibility of detection of incident radiation in a direction parallel to the needle. The measured energy spectrum of the isotope Fe-55 by means of the developed detector is presented.

scholarly journals Unveiling the Multi-wavelength Phenomenology of Anomalous X-ray Pulsars

2004 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 247-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
GianLuca Israel ◽  
Luigi Stella ◽  
Stefano Covino ◽  
Sergio Campana ◽  
Lorella Angelini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Archival Data ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Spectral Variability ◽  
Band Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pulse Phase ◽  
Multi Wavelength ◽  
Ir Bands

During 2002–2003 the number of IR-identified counterparts to the Anomalous X-ray Pulsars (AXPs) has grown to four (4U 0142+61, IE 2259+586, IE 1048.1−5937 and RXS J170849−400910) out of the six objects (plus two candidates) known in this class. More importantly, some new common characteristics have been identified, such as IR variability, IR flattening in the broad-band energy spectrum, X-ray spectral variability as a function of pulse phase (which are not predicted by the magnetar model), and X-ray bursts (which cannot be explained in terms of standard accretion models). We present the results obtained from an extensive multi-wavelength observational campaign carried out with the NTT and CFHT for the optical/IR bands, and XMM and Chandra (plus BeppoSAX archival data) in X-rays. Based on these results and those reported in the literature, the IR-to-X-ray emission of AXPs is compared.

Time structure and energy spectrum evolution of the solar flare X-rays measured by the IRIS spectrometer onboard the CORONAS-F spacecraft

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1080-1083
Author(s):  
P. B. Dmitriyev ◽  
I. V. Kudryavtsev ◽  
V. P. Lazutkov ◽  
G. A. Matveev ◽  
M. I. Savchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Solar Flare ◽  
Time Structure ◽  
X Rays

Beamline BL-07 at Indus-2: a facility for microfabrication research

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Dhamgaye ◽  
G. S. Lodha ◽  
B. Gowri Sankar ◽  
C. Kant
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Spectral Bandwidth ◽  
Modes Of Operation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Honeycomb Structures ◽  
Stencil Mask ◽  
And Performance

The X-ray lithography beamline on Indus-2 is now operational, with two modes of operation. With a pair of X-ray mirrors it is possible to tune the energy spectrum between 1 and 20 keV with a controlled spectral bandwidth. In its `no optics' mode, hard X-rays up to 40 keV are available. Features and performance of the beamline are presented along with some example structures. Structures fabricated include honeycomb structures in PMMA using a stainless steel stencil mask and a compound refractive X-ray lens using a polyimide–gold mask in SU-8.

Observations of SN 1987A from Ginga

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-485
Author(s):  
H. Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Time Variable ◽  
Soft Component ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Hard Component ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sn 1987A

AbstractResults of the observations of SN 1987A from Ginga are presented. The first detection of X-rays from the SN 1987A was July, 1987. The energy spectrum is quite unnusual for any of the known classes of X-ray sources, and apparently consists of two seperate components; a soft and a hard component. The soft component is significantly time-variable, and also showed a flarelike increase in January, 1988. Whereas, the intensity of the hard component has remained fairly stationary for more than 300 days. The origins of the two components are also discussed.

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