scholarly journals Is there any imprint of the wind variability on the Atlantic Water circulation within the Arctic Basin?

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (22) ◽  
pp. 9880-9888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Lique ◽  
Helen L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Basin ◽  
Atlantic Water ◽  
Water Circulation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Wind Variability

scholarly journals The Movement of Atlantic Water in the Arctic Ocean

ARCTIC ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.K. Coachman ◽  
C.A. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Arctic Basin ◽  
Core Layer ◽  
Atlantic Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Percentage Retention ◽  
Oceanographic Data ◽  
Vertical Eddy

Re-evaluates sixty years' oceanographic data from the Arctic Ocean, examining nearly 300 deep-water stations, and using the "core-layer" method of Wust to interpret the movement of the Atlantic layer. Stations are grouped in 16 areas and the average curve for each group plotted on a temperature-salinity diagram. Temperature and salinity changes which take place in the Atlantic water while and entity in the Arctic Basin are graphed. The temperature maximum is reduced by about 3.5 C, and the salinity at max. temperature is reduced by about 0.2 %. Superimposed on the T-S relationship is an arbitrary scale indicating percentage retention of the original characteristics. The velocity of the Atlantic layer is found (from current velocity, eddy coefficients and station data) to range 1-10 cm/sec and values of Kz (vertical eddy coefficient) generally to range 1-20 sq cm/sec. Percentage retention of characteristics from the T-S diagram is mapped to suggest a relation between the flow of Atlantic water and bathymetry, distance, time, as well as the T-S features. Assuming the velocity along the core to be 3 cm/sec, the constant vertical eddy coefficient to be 10 sq cm/sec, and with other assumptions on temperature distribution, an estimate of 8,000,000 sq cm/sec is obtained for the constant lateral eddy coefficient.

scholarly journals Influence of Atlantic inflow on the freshwater content in the upper layer of the Arctic basin

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-388
Author(s):  
G. V. Alekseev ◽  
A. V. Pnyushkov ◽  
A. V. Smirnov ◽  
A. E. Vyazilova ◽  
N. I. Glok
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Lower Boundary ◽  
Arctic Basin ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Atlantic Water ◽  
Water Masses ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North

Inter-decadal changes in the water layer of Atlantic origin and freshwater content (FWC) in the upper 100 m layer were traced jointly to assess the influence of inflows from the Atlantic on FWC changes based on oceanographic observations in the Arctic Basin for the 1960s – 2010s. For this assessment, we used oceanographic data collected at the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI) and the International Arctic Research Center (IARC). The AARI data for the decades of 1960s – 1990s were obtained mainly at the North Pole drifting ice camps, in high-latitude aerial surveys in the 1970s, as well as in ship-based expeditions in the 1990s. The IARC database contains oceanographic measurements acquired using modern CTD (Conductivity – Temperature – Depth) systems starting from the 2000s. For the reconstruction of decadal fields of the depths of the upper and lower 0 °С isotherms and FWC in the 0–100 m layer in the periods with a relatively small number of observations (1970s – 1990s), we used a climatic regression method based on the conservativeness of the large-scale structure of water masses in the Arctic Basin. Decadal fields with higher data coverage were built using the DIVAnd algorithm. Both methods showed almost identical results when compared.  The results demonstrated that the upper boundary of the Atlantic water (AW) layer, identified with the depth of zero isotherm, raised everywhere by several tens of meters in 1990s – 2010s, when compared to its position before the start of warming in the 1970s. The lower boundary of the AW layer, also determined by the depth of zero isotherm, became deeper. Such displacements of the layer boundaries indicate an increase in the volume of water in the Arctic Basin coming not only through the Fram Strait, but also through the Barents Sea. As a result, the balance of water masses was disturbed and its restoration had to occur due to the reduction of the volume of the upper most dynamic freshened layer. Accordingly, the content of fresh water in this layer should decrease. Our results confirmed that FWC in the 0–100 m layer has decreased to 2 m in the Eurasian part of the Arctic Basin to the west of 180° E in the 1990s. In contrast, the FWC to the east of 180° E and closer to the shores of Alaska and the Canadian archipelago has increased. These opposite tendencies have been intensified in the 2000s and the 2010s. A spatial correlation between distributions of the FWC and the positions of the upper AW boundary over different decades confirms a close relationship between both distributions. The influence of fresh water inflow is manifested as an increase in water storage in the Canadian Basin and the Beaufort Gyre in the 1990s – 2010s. The response of water temperature changes from the tropical Atlantic to the Arctic Basin was traced, suggesting not only the influence of SST at low latitudes on changes in FWC, but indicating the distant tropical impact on Arctic processes. 

Temporal and spatial variability in Atlantic Water in the Arctic from observations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Richards ◽  
Helen Johnson ◽  
Camille Lique
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Arctic Basin ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Atlantic Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Climatological Data ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variability ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

<p>Observational data from across the Arctic are used to investigate temporal and spatial variability in Atlantic Water throughout the Arctic basin from the 1980s to the present day, with a focus on Atlantic Water heat and its potential influence on the upper water column. MIMOC climatological data are also used in the analysis. The inferred mechanisms behind Atlantic Water spread in the Arctic – both vertically and laterally into sub-basin interiors – are discussed, along with the local and remote influences on the Atlantic Water layer in different Arctic regions. The usefulness of the Atlantic Water core in tracking changes in the Atlantic Water layer is also assessed. </p>

scholarly journals On the dynamics of Atlantic Water circulation in the Arctic Ocean

2007 ◽  
Vol 112 (C4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Karcher ◽  
F. Kauker ◽  
R. Gerdes ◽  
E. Hunke ◽  
J. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Atlantic Water ◽  
Water Circulation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

Atlantic influence on content of freshwater in upper layer of the Arctic Ocean

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genrikh Alekseev ◽  
Andrey Pnyushkov ◽  
Alexander Smirnov ◽  
Anastasia Vyazilova ◽  
Natalia Glok
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Lower Boundary ◽  
Arctic Basin ◽  
Atlantic Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Rfbr Grant ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Upper Boundary

<p>The interdecadal changes in layer of the Atlantic water (AW) and the fresh water content (FWC)  in the  Arctic Basin  (AB) are traced for the 1960s - 2010s  in order to assess the influence of the influx from the Atlantic on the FWC changes. The results showed that the upper boundary of the AB layer, identified on zero isotherm, everywhere rose in the 1990s - 2010s by several tens of meters relative to its position before the start of the warming in the 1970s. The lower boundary of the layer, also determined by the depth of the zero isotherm, fell. Such displacements of the layer boundaries indicate an increase in the volume of the AW in the AB. A reduction in the volume of the upper freshened layer it is necessary to maintain balance. Our calculations confirmed that in the 1990s, the FWC in the layer 0–100 m decreased to 2 m or more in the Eurasian part of the Arctic Basin west of 180 °E and increased to east of 180 °E closer to the shores of Alaska and the Canadian archipelago,. This trend intensified in the 2000s and in the 2010s. A comparison of the distributions of the FWC and the position of the upper boundary of the AB layer over different decades by the method of spatial correlation confirmed a close relationship between both distributions. The response on changes of water temperature in the tropical region of the Atlantic is traced in the Barents Sea and in the Arctic basin.  That indicates the influence of low latitude SST on changes in AW layer and serves as an indicator of tropical effect on the Arctic processes. The study is supported by the RFBR grant 18-05-60107.</p>

Boundary current heat loss and mixing processes at the Arctic Ocean continental margin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirstin Schulz ◽  
Markus Janout ◽  
Yueng-Djern Lenn ◽  
Eugenio Ruiz-Castillo ◽  
Igor Polyakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Arctic Basin ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Atlantic Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Mixing Processes ◽  
Boundary Mixing

<p>Inflowing Atlantic Water forms a significant heat reservoir in the Arctic Ocean. In the Barents Sea, where the Atlantic Water layer resides close to the surface, strong upward heat fluxes reduce the sea ice cover. Along with a warming climate, an eastward progression of these conditions typical for the Barents Sea is anticipated. These new conditions have the potential to cause dramatic regime shifts in the Laptev Sea region, where the sea ice and the oceanic surface layer are currently sheltered from the warm Atlantic Water by a permanent halocline. Understanding and quantifying the dominant mixing processes in the Siberian Seas is hence crucial to predict how mixing and sea ice conditions, as well as particle and nutrient transport pathways will evolve in the future.</p><p>Based on recent temperature and current velocity profiles from this region, we quantify the Atlantic Water heat loss along its pathway around the Arctic basin margins. Contemporaneous turbulent microstructure measurement reveal that only 20% of this heat loss takes place in the deep basin, emphasizing the important role of stronger mixing in the continental slope region. Observed boundary mixing processes include:</p><ul><li> <p>Mixing in the frictional near bottom layer, strongly enhanced at the lee side of a topographic features and where large temperature gradients associated with the upper bound of the Atlantic Water layer are present in the turbulent near bottom layer.</p> </li> <li> <p>Spatially confined but energetic mixing events over the whole water column. These events are ephemeral but re-occurring and can homogenize the intermediate water column down to a depth of over 300m, with substantial implications for heat transport, the vertical distribution of nutrients and cross-slope particle transport.</p> </li> </ul><p>The presented results provide new insights into the complex mixing and transport patterns at the Arctic basin margins, and further emphasize the importance of boundary mixing across disciplines.</p>

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