scholarly journals Synthesis and structural characterization of ferrous trioctahedral smectites: Implications for clay mineral genesis and detectability on Mars

2015 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 1119-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Chemtob ◽  
Ryan D. Nickerson ◽  
Richard V. Morris ◽  
David G. Agresti ◽  
Jeffrey G. Catalano
Author(s):  
W. W. Barker ◽  
W. E. Rigsby ◽  
V. J. Hurst ◽  
W. J. Humphreys

Experimental clay mineral-organic molecule complexes long have been known and some of them have been extensively studied by X-ray diffraction methods. The organic molecules are adsorbed onto the surfaces of the clay minerals, or intercalated between the silicate layers. Natural organo-clays also are widely recognized but generally have not been well characterized. Widely used techniques for clay mineral identification involve treatment of the sample with H2 O2 or other oxidant to destroy any associated organics. This generally simplifies and intensifies the XRD pattern of the clay residue, but helps little with the characterization of the original organoclay. Adequate techniques for the direct observation of synthetic and naturally occurring organoclays are yet to be developed.


Author(s):  
S. F. Hayes ◽  
M. D. Corwin ◽  
T. G. Schwan ◽  
D. W. Dorward ◽  
W. Burgdorfer

Characterization of Borrelia burgdorferi strains by means of negative staining EM has become an integral part of many studies related to the biology of the Lyme disease organism. However, relying solely upon negative staining to compare new isolates with prototype B31 or other borreliae is often unsatisfactory. To obtain more satisfactory results, we have relied upon a correlative approach encompassing a variety EM techniques, i.e., scanning for topographical features and cryotomy, negative staining and thin sectioning to provide a more complete structural characterization of B. burgdorferi.For characterization, isolates of B. burgdorferi were cultured in BSK II media from which they were removed by low speed centrifugation. The sedimented borrelia were carefully resuspended in stabilizing buffer so as to preserve their features for scanning and negative staining. Alternatively, others were prepared for conventional thin sectioning and for cryotomy using modified procedures. For thin sectioning, the fixative described by Ito, et al.


2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Bracher ◽  
C Kozany ◽  
AK Thost ◽  
F Hausch

Planta Medica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
YH Wang ◽  
B Avula ◽  
N Abe ◽  
F Wei ◽  
M Wang ◽  
...  

Planta Medica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
YH Wang ◽  
B Avula ◽  
Z Zhang ◽  
M Wang ◽  
S Sagi ◽  
...  

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 (suppl_26) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Peplinski ◽  
B. Adamczyk ◽  
G. Kley ◽  
K. Adam ◽  
F. Emmerling ◽  
...  

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