scholarly journals Discrimination between induced, triggered, and natural earthquakes close to hydrocarbon reservoirs: A probabilistic approach based on the modeling of depletion-induced stress changes and seismological source parameters

2015 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 2491-2509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Dahm ◽  
Simone Cesca ◽  
Sebastian Hainzl ◽  
Thomas Braun ◽  
Frank Krüger
Keyword(s):  
Source Parameters ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Hydrocarbon Reservoirs ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Natural Earthquakes

scholarly journals A Hydrofracturing-Triggered Earthquake Occurred Three Years after the Stimulation

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Stanisław Lasocki ◽  
Łukasz Rudziński ◽  
Antek K. Tokarski ◽  
Beata Orlecka-Sikora
Keyword(s):  
Shale Gas ◽  
Time Horizon ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Gas Reservoir ◽  
Spatially Correlated ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Triggered Earthquake ◽  
Natural Earthquakes

Hydrofracturing, used for shale gas exploitation, may induce felt, even damaging earthquakes. On 15 June 2019, an Mw2.8 earthquake occurred, spatially correlated with the location of earlier exploratory hydrofracturing operations for shale gas in Wysin in Poland. However, this earthquake was atypical. Hydrofracturing-triggered seismicity mainly occurs during stimulation; occasionally, it continues a few months after completion of the stimulation. In Wysin, there were only two weaker events during two-month hydrofracturing and then 35 months of seismic silence until the mentioned earthquake occurred. The Wysin site is in Gdańsk Pomerania broader region, located on the very weakly seismically active Precambrian Platform. The historical documents, covering 1000 years, report no natural earthquakes in Gdańsk Pomerania. We conclude, therefore, that despite the never observed before that long lag time after stimulation, the Mw2.8 earthquake was triggered by hydrofracturing. It is possible that its unusually late occurrence in relation to the time of its triggering technological activity was caused by changes in stresses due to time-dependent deformation of reservoir shales. The Wysin earthquake determines a new time horizon for the effect of HF on the stress state, which can lead to triggering earthquakes. Time-dependent deformation and its induced stress changes should be considered in shall gas reservoir exploitation plans.

Seismic doublets and a complex seismic sequence controlled by the rotation of the Juan Fernández microplate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Cesca ◽  
Carla Valenzuela Malebrán ◽  
José Ángel López-Comino ◽  
Timothy Davis ◽  
Carlos Tassara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Parameters ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Focal Mechanisms ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Seismic Sequence ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Coulomb Stress Changes ◽  
Earthquake Source Parameters ◽  
Stress Changes

<p> A complex seismic sequence took place in 2014 at the Juan Fernández microplate, a small microplate located between Pacific, Nazca and Antarctica plates. Despite the remoteness of the study region and the lack of local data, we were able to resolve earthquake source parameters and to reconstruct the complex seismic sequence, by using modern waveform-based seismological techniques. The sequence started with an exceptional Mw 7.1-6.7 thrust – strike slip earthquake doublet, the first subevent being the largest earthquake ever recorded in the region and one of the few rare thrust earthquakes in a region otherwise characterized by normal faulting and strike slip earthquakes. The joint analysis of seismicity and focal mechanisms suggest the activation of E-W and NE-SW faults or of an internal curved pseudofault, which is formed in response to the microplate rotation, with alternation of thrust and strike-slip earthquakes. Seismicity migrated Northward in its final phase, towards the microplate edge, where a second doublet with uneven focal mechanisms occurred. The sequence rupture kinematics is well explained by Coulomb stress changes imparted by the first subevent. Our analysis show that compressional stresses, which have been mapped at the northern boundary of the microplate, but never accompanied by large thrust earthquakes, can be accommodated by the rare occurrence of large, impulsive, shallow thrust earthquakes, with a considerable tsunamigenic potential.</p>

A note on induced stress changes in hydrocarbon and geothermal reservoirs

1998 ◽  
Vol 289 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Segall ◽  
Shaun D. Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Reservoirs ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Stress Changes

Origin of MeV ion irradiation-induced stress changes in SiO2

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Brongersma ◽  
E. Snoeks ◽  
T. van Dillen ◽  
A. Polman
Keyword(s):  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Stress Changes

scholarly journals Predator-induced stress changes parental feeding behavior in pied flycatchers

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vallo Tilgar ◽  
Kadri Moks ◽  
Pauli Saag
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Parental Feeding ◽  
Stress Changes

scholarly journals Application for source parameters calculations as input for static stress changes studies

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 2008
Author(s):  
P. M. Paradisopoulou ◽  
E. E. Papadimitriou ◽  
V. G. Karakostas ◽  
A. Kilias
Keyword(s):  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Static Stress ◽  
Coulomb Stress ◽  
Coseismic Slip ◽  
Earthquake Source Parameters ◽  
Fault Parameters ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Stress Application

The study of static Coulomb Stress changes requires initially the collection of information on the major active faults in a study area concerning their geometry and kinematic properties and then a series of complex calculation for stress changes that are associated with both coseismic displacements of the stronger events and the tectonic loading on these major faults. The Coulomb Stress Application has been developed as a tool to provide a user-friendly way of entering the necessary data and an efficient way to perform the complex calculations procedure. More specifically the aim of the application is a) the collection of data (catalogues of earthquakes, fault parameters) in a relational database, b) the calculation of earthquake source parameters such as the length and the width of the causative fault, and the coseismic slip by using available scaling laws, and finally, c) the execution of all the necessary programs and scripts (e.g. dis3dop.exe, GMT package) to get a map of static stress changes for an area. Coulomb Stress application provides a way to store these data for a study area and it is a method to perform a series of calculations by plotting a series of maps and examine the results for a number of cases.

scholarly journals PROBABILISTIC HAZARD ASSESSMENT, USING ARIAS INTENSITY EQUATION, IN THE EASTERN PART OF THE GULF OF CORINTH (GREECE)

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 527
Author(s):  
V. Zygouri
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
Propagation Path ◽  
Arias Intensity ◽  
Site Class ◽  
Attenuation Relationships ◽  
Gulf Of Corinth

Shallow earthquakes cause serious damage near the trace of faults. The growth of major cities in hazard prone areas and the public anxiety associated with risks in critical facilities has focused attention to those areas. The Gulf of Corinth constitutes an area prone to high seismicity. During the last 2000 years several strong seismic events have caused extensive collapses, death casualties and widespread landslide phenomena. Strong motion attenuation relationships are considered a significant parameter for any earthquake hazard analysis. Attenuation relationships used in probabilistic hazard assessments predict ground motions components (in this case arias intensity) as a function of source parameters (magnitude and mechanism), propagation path (fault distance) and site effects (site class). In the eastern part of the Gulf of Corinth arias intensity equations were applied for a number of large E-W trending faults dominating the seismic potential of the area. Those faults have already been associated with landslide phenomena according to historic records and by using new methodologies a probabilistic approach of their behaviour has been accomplished for different recurrence intervals.

The earthquake arrest zone

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 (1) ◽  
pp. 581-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Yu Ke ◽  
Gregory C McLaskey ◽  
David S Kammer
Keyword(s):  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Initial Stress ◽  
Cohesive Zone ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Static Stress ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Crack Model ◽  
Coseismic Slip ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Natural Earthquakes

SUMMARY Earthquake ruptures are generally considered to be cracks that propagate as fracture or frictional slip on pre-existing faults. Crack models have been used to describe the spatial distribution of fault offset and the associated static stress changes along a fault, and have implications for friction evolution and the underlying physics of rupture processes. However, field measurements that could help refine idealized crack models are rare. Here, we describe large-scale laboratory earthquake experiments, where all rupture processes were contained within a 3-m long saw-cut granite fault, and we propose an analytical crack model that fits our measurements. Similar to natural earthquakes, laboratory measurements show coseismic slip that gradually tapers near the rupture tips. Measured stress changes show roughly constant stress drop in the centre of the ruptured region, a maximum stress increase near the rupture tips and a smooth transition in between, in a region we describe as the earthquake arrest zone. The proposed model generalizes the widely used elliptical crack model by adding gradually tapered slip at the ends of the rupture. Different from the cohesive zone described by fracture mechanics, we propose that the transition in stress changes and the corresponding linear taper observed in the earthquake arrest zone are the result of rupture termination conditions primarily controlled by the initial stress distribution. It is the heterogeneous initial stress distribution that controls the arrest of laboratory earthquakes, and the features of static stress changes. We also performed dynamic rupture simulations that confirm how arrest conditions can affect slip taper and static stress changes. If applicable to larger natural earthquakes, this distinction between an earthquake arrest zone (that depends on stress conditions) and a cohesive zone (that depends primarily on strength evolution) has important implications for how seismic observations of earthquake fracture energy should be interpreted.

MULTISTAGE HYDRAULIC FRACTURING WITH PRODUCTION INTERVALS—A PROMISING TECHNOLOGY FOR RESERVOIRS SUBJECT TO REVERSE FAULTING STRESS REGIMES

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
M.K. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Stress State ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Deformation Analysis ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Stress Regime ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Reverse Faulting ◽  
Reservoir Conditions

The performance of hydraulic fracturing technology has not been so promising for some Australian tight-gas reservoirs. The existence of reverse faulting stress regimes (i.e. the vertical stress is the minimum one) in these reservoirs is found to be one reason among many others. Previous studies have established that the vertical hydraulic fracture initiated from a vertical well in a reverse faulting stress regime severely turns and twists to become horizontal while fracturing fluid is injected for further propagation of the fracture. This severely turned and twisted fracture impedes the fluid and proppant (engineered sand grains) injection and thus the fracturing job results in a short and constricted fracture. This is considered to be one of the major reasons for premature screen-outs that occur at extremely high-pressure on many occasions in the field, and the subsequent disappointingly low production rates. The aim of this paper is to present the results of an investigation with a model-scale gas reservoir to avoid this problem by carrying out the fracture treatments in a number of stages with production intervals. The basic mechanism that would allow the growth of a long, planar, productive fracture in such a manner is the production-induced stress change around the fracture tip. A simplified propped fracture configuration is modelled in a hypothetical small-scale reservoir with idealistic material properties. Production is simulated in time by varying different parameters and the production-induced stress changes are characterised by coupled fluid flow and deformation analysis. It is found from parametric results that the non-uniform reservoir pressure depletion induces a suitable stress state at the fracture tip for further planar propagation. The duration of production to induce the suitable stress state is found to be dependent on a number of parameters. The paper also highlights the implications and limitations of the concept for hydraulic fracturing in the mentioned reservoir conditions, and discussed further research directions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document