Strain accumulation in the New Madrid and Wabash Valley seismic zones from 14 years of continuous GPS observation

2014 ◽  
Vol 119 (12) ◽  
pp. 9110-9129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Craig ◽  
Eric Calais
Keyword(s):  
Strain Accumulation ◽  
Seismic Zones ◽  
Gps Observation ◽  
Continuous Gps ◽  
Wabash Valley ◽  
New Madrid

scholarly journals Comparison of Seismicity Rates in the New Madrid and Wabash Valley Seismic Zones

2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 951-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Merino ◽  
S. Stein ◽  
M. Liu ◽  
E. A. Okal
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Zones ◽  
Seismicity Rates ◽  
Wabash Valley ◽  
New Madrid

Recurrence Intervals for Intraplate Earthquakes in Eastern North America from Paleoseismological Data

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Talwani ◽  
Keith Collinsworth
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Seismic Zone ◽  
Intraplate Earthquakes ◽  
Soft Sediments ◽  
Seismic Zones ◽  
Statistical Studies ◽  
Recurrence Intervals ◽  
New Madrid

Abstract In intraplate settings in eastern North America, paleoseismological studies have been used to obtain recurrence of earthquake at three locations. As causative faults are usually inaccessible at these locations the effects of paleoearthquakes have been studied. While calculating recurrence intervals we have tacitly assumed that the earthquakes at each locality repeatedly occurred on the same faults. Indicators of paleoearthquakes that were studied include deformed soft sediments due to seismically induced liquefaction (New Madrid and Charleston, SC, seismic zones), warped lake sediments and anomalous silt layers in otherwise organic rich sediments (Charlevoix, Canada seismic zone). The resulting recurrence intervals for New Madrid (≈ 600 years) and Charleston (1500–2000 years) are in general agreement with those obtained from statistical studies. At Charlevoix it was estimated that a MM intensity VI event (sufficient to disturb varves) occurs every ≈ 400 years.

scholarly journals Methods for Eruption Prediction and Hazard Evaluation at Indonesian Volcanoes

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Iguchi ◽  
◽  
Surono ◽  
Takeshi Nishimura ◽  
Muhamad Hendrasto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Hazard Evaluation ◽  
Seismic Amplitude ◽  
Geological Surveys ◽  
Cumulative Volume ◽  
Background Data ◽  
Tectonic Earthquakes ◽  
Gps Observation ◽  
Continuous Gps ◽  
Eruptive Rate

We report methods, based on geophysical observations and geological surveys, for the prediction of eruptions and the evaluation of the activity of 4 volcanoes in Indonesia. These are Semeru, Guntur, Kelud and Sinabung volcanoes. Minor increases in tilt were detected by borehole tiltmeters prior to eruptions at the Semeru volcano depending on the seismic amplitude of explosion earthquakes. The results show the possibility of prediction of the type and magnitude of eruption and the effectiveness of observation with a high signalto-noise ratio. The establishment of background data is important for evaluating volcanic activity in longterm prediction. Typical distributions of volcanic and local tectonic earthquakes were obtained around the Guntur volcano, where geodetic monitoring by continuous GPS observation is valuable. The cumulative volume of eruptive products is valuable for evaluating the potential for future eruption. The eruptive rate of the Kelud volcano is ca 2×106m3/y (dense rock equivalent), but the volume of the 2007 eruption was only 2×107m3, suggesting a still high potential for eruption. Based on geological surveys and dating, an eruption scenario is proposed for the activity of Mt. Sinabung, where phreatic eruptions occurred in 2010 after a historically long dormancy.

scholarly journals Why Do Great Earthquakes Follow Each Other at Subduction Zones?

Eos ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terri Cook
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Subduction Zones ◽  
Great Earthquake ◽  
Strain Accumulation ◽  
Gps Measurements ◽  
Great Earthquakes ◽  
Enhanced Strain ◽  
Continuous Gps

A decade of continuous GPS measurements in South America indicates that enhanced strain accumulation following a great earthquake can initiate failure along adjacent fault segments.

scholarly journals Estimation of crustal deformation parameters and strain build-up in Northwest Himalaya using GNSS data measurements

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-243
Author(s):  
Abhishek YADAV ◽  
Suresh KANNAUJIYA ◽  
Prashant Kumar CHAMPATI RAY ◽  
Rajeev Kumar YADAV ◽  
Param Kirti GAUTAM
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Himalayan Region ◽  
Compression Rate ◽  
Strain Accumulation ◽  
Gps Measurements ◽  
Baseline Method ◽  
Maximum Shear Strain ◽  
Continuous Gps

GPS measurements have proved extremely useful in quantifying strain accumulation rate and assessing seismic hazard in a region. Continuous GPS measurements provide estimates of secular motion used to understand the earthquake and other geodynamic processes. GNSS stations extending from the South of India to the Higher Himalayan region have been used to quantify the strain build-up rate in Central India and the Himalayan region to assess the seismic hazard potential in this realm. Velocity solution has been determined after the application of Markov noise estimated from GPS time series data. The recorded GPS data are processed along with the closest International GNSS stations data for estimation of daily basis precise positioning. The baseline method has been used for the estimation of the linear strain rate between the two stations. Whereas the principal strain axes, maximum shear strain, rotation rate, and crustal shortening rate has been calculated through the site velocity using an independent approach; least-square inversion approach-based triangulation method. The strain rate analysis estimated by the triangulation approach exhibits a mean value of extension rate of 26.08 nano-strain/yr towards N131°, the compression rate of –25.38 nano-strain/yr towards N41°, maximum shear strain rate of 51.47 nano-strain/yr, dilation of –37.57 nano-strain/yr and rotation rate of 0.7°/Ma towards anti-clockwise. The computed strain rate from the Baseline method and the Triangulation method reports an extensive compression rate that gradually increases from the Indo-Gangetic Plain in South to Higher Himalaya in North. The slip deficit rate between India and Eurasia Plate in Kumaun Garhwal Himalaya has been computed as 18±1.5 mm/yr based on elastic dislocation theory. Thus, in this study, present-day surface deformation rate and interseismic strain accumulation rate in the Himalayan region and the Central Indian region have been estimated for seismic hazard analysis using continuous GPS measurements.

Ground Deformation of Mayon Volcano Revealed by GPS Campaign Survey

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
Akimichi Takagi ◽  
◽  
Kenji Fujiwara ◽  
Takahiro Ohkura ◽  
Artemio C. Luis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volume Change ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Pressure Source ◽  
Mayon Volcano ◽  
Observation Network ◽  
Preparation Stage ◽  
Gps Observation ◽  
Continuous Gps ◽  
Do So

Determining the location and the amount of volume change of the pressure source beneath a volcano during the eruption preparation stage is an important issue in monitoring the magma accumulation. To do so, we have implemented a GPS campaign survey network around the Mayon volcano and monitored ground deformation since 2005. Rapid grounddeflating deformation was detected accompanied by the 2009 eruption. The Mogi model pressure source was estimated to be 8.5 km deep beneath the summit and the amount of volume change –13 × 106 m3. In magma accumulation preceding the 2009 eruption, ground deformation showed a weak inflationary trend, but it was difficult to evaluate the source parameters definitively. After the 2009 eruption, no deformation has been detected by the Continuous GPS observation network since 2012. Trend of many baselines of continuous and campaign network turned to extension since 2014. Magma may have started accumulating beneath the Mayon volcano.

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