scholarly journals Groundwater depletion during drought threatens future water security of the Colorado River Basin

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (16) ◽  
pp. 5904-5911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie L. Castle ◽  
Brian F. Thomas ◽  
John T. Reager ◽  
Matthew Rodell ◽  
Sean C. Swenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Colorado River ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Colorado River Basin ◽  
Groundwater Depletion

scholarly journals Springs and Springs-Dependent Taxa of the Colorado River Basin, Southwestern North America: Geography, Ecology and Human Impacts

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence E. Stevens ◽  
Jeffrey Jenness ◽  
Jeri D. Ledbetter
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Colorado River ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Colorado River Basin ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Groundwater Depletion

The Colorado River basin (CRB), the primary water source for southwestern North America, is divided into the 283,384 km2, water-exporting Upper CRB (UCRB) in the Colorado Plateau geologic province, and the 344,440 km2, water-receiving Lower CRB (LCRB) in the Basin and Range geologic province. Long-regarded as a snowmelt-fed river system, approximately half of the river’s baseflow is derived from groundwater, much of it through springs. CRB springs are important for biota, culture, and the economy, but are highly threatened by a wide array of anthropogenic factors. We used existing literature, available databases, and field data to synthesize information on the distribution, ecohydrology, biodiversity, status, and potential socio-economic impacts of 20,872 reported CRB springs in relation to permanent stream distribution, human population growth, and climate change. CRB springs are patchily distributed, with highest density in montane and cliff-dominated landscapes. Mapping data quality is highly variable and many springs remain undocumented. Most CRB springs-influenced habitats are small, with a highly variable mean area of 2200 m2, generating an estimated total springs habitat area of 45.4 km2 (0.007% of the total CRB land area). Median discharge also is generally low and variable (0.10 L/s, N = 1687, 95% CI = 0.04 L/s), but ranges up to 1800 L/s. Water pH and conductivity is negatively related to elevation, with a stronger negative relationship in the UCRB compared to the LCRB. Natural springs water temperature and geochemistry throughout the CRB varies greatly among springs, but relatively little within springs, and depends on aquifer hydrogeology, elevation, and residence time. As the only state nearly entirely included within the CRB, Arizona is about equally divided between the two geologic provinces. Arizona springs produce approximately 0.6 km3/year of water. Data on >330 CRB springs-dependent taxa (SDT) revealed at least 62 plant species; 216 aquatic and riparian Mollusca, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, and other invertebrate taxa; several herpetofanual species; and two-thirds of 35 CRB fish taxa. Springs vegetation structure, composition, and diversity vary strongly by springs type, and plant species density within springs is high in comparison with upland habitats. Plant species richness and density is negatively related to elevation below 2500 m. Human population in and adjacent to the CRB are growing rapidly, and ecological impairment of springs exceeds 70% in many landscapes, particularly in urbanized and rangeland areas. Anthropogenic stressors are primarily related to groundwater depletion and pollution, livestock management, flow abstraction, non-native species introduction, and recreation. Ensuring the ecological integrity and sustainability of CRB groundwater supplies and springs will require more thorough basic inventory, assessment, research, information management, and local ecosystem rehabilitation, as well as improved groundwater and springs conservation policy.

scholarly journals Modeling of GRACE-Derived Groundwater Information in the Colorado River Basin

Hydrology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Rahaman ◽  
Balbhadra Thakur ◽  
Ajay Kalra ◽  
Sajjad Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Colorado River ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Colorado River Basin ◽  
Groundwater Depletion ◽  
Arima Models ◽  
Satellite Gravity ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Grace Data ◽  
Seasonal Arima Models

Groundwater depletion has been one of the major challenges in recent years. Analysis of groundwater levels can be beneficial for groundwater management. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s twin satellite, Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), serves in monitoring terrestrial water storage. Increasing freshwater demand amidst recent drought (2000–2014) posed a significant groundwater level decline within the Colorado River Basin (CRB). In the current study, a non-parametric technique was utilized to analyze historical groundwater variability. Additionally, a stochastic Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was developed and tested to forecast the GRACE-derived groundwater anomalies within the CRB. The ARIMA model was trained with the GRACE data from January 2003 to December of 2013 and validated with GRACE data from January 2014 to December of 2016. Groundwater anomaly from January 2017 to December of 2019 was forecasted with the tested model. Autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation plots were drawn to identify and construct the seasonal ARIMA models. ARIMA order for each grid was evaluated based on Akaike’s and Bayesian information criterion. The error analysis showed the reasonable numerical accuracy of selected seasonal ARIMA models. The proposed models can be used to forecast groundwater variability for sustainable groundwater planning and management.

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