scholarly journals Water mass exchange between the Nordic seas and the Arctic Ocean on millennial timescale during MIS 4-MIS 2

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 530-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tine L. Rasmussen ◽  
Erik Thomsen ◽  
Tove Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Mass Exchange ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Nordic Seas ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Water Mass Exchange

scholarly journals Diversity and biogeography of SAR11 bacteria from the Arctic Ocean

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Kraemer ◽  
Arthi Ramachandran ◽  
David Colatriano ◽  
Connie Lovejoy ◽  
David A. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Adaptive Evolution ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Bacterial Group ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Globally Distributed

AbstractThe Arctic Ocean is relatively isolated from other oceans and consists of strongly stratified water masses with distinct histories, nutrient, temperature and salinity characteristics, therefore providing an optimal environment to investigate local adaptation. The globally distributed SAR11 bacterial group consists of multiple ecotypes that are associated with particular marine environments, yet relatively little is known about Arctic SAR11 diversity. Here, we examined SAR11 diversity using ITS analysis and metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). Arctic SAR11 assemblages were comprised of the S1a, S1b, S2, and S3 clades, and structured by water mass and depth. The fresher surface layer was dominated by an ecotype (S3-derived P3.2) previously associated with Arctic and brackish water. In contrast, deeper waters of Pacific origin were dominated by the P2.3 ecotype of the S2 clade, within which we identified a novel subdivision (P2.3s1) that was rare outside the Arctic Ocean. Arctic S2-derived SAR11 MAGs were restricted to high latitudes and included MAGs related to the recently defined S2b subclade, a finding consistent with bi-polar ecotypes and Arctic endemism. These results place the stratified Arctic Ocean into the SAR11 global biogeography and have identified SAR11 lineages for future investigation of adaptive evolution in the Arctic Ocean.

scholarly journals Effects of Vertical Water Mass Segregation on Bacterial Community Structure in the Beaufort Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Yunyun Fu ◽  
Richard B. Rivkin ◽  
Andrew S. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Beaufort Sea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Mass Segregation

The Arctic Ocean is one of the least well-studied marine microbial ecosystems. Its low-temperature and low-salinity conditions are expected to result in distinct bacterial communities, in comparison to lower latitude oceans. However, this is an ocean currently in flux, with climate change exerting pronounced effects on sea-ice coverage and freshwater inputs. How such changes will affect this ecosystem are poorly constrained. In this study, we characterized the bacterial community compositions at different depths in both coastal, freshwater-influenced, and pelagic, sea-ice-covered locations in the Beaufort Sea in the western Canadian Arctic Ocean. The environmental factors controlling the bacterial community composition and diversity were investigated. Alphaproteobacteria dominated the bacterial communities in samples from all depths and stations. The Pelagibacterales and Rhodobacterales groups were the predominant taxonomic representatives within the Alphaproteobacteria. Bacterial communities in coastal and offshore samples differed significantly, and vertical water mass segregation was the controlling factor of community composition among the offshore samples, regardless of the taxonomic level considered. These data provide an important baseline view of the bacterial community in this ocean system that will be of value for future studies investigating possible changes in the Arctic Ocean in response to global change and/or anthropogenic disturbance.

scholarly journals Concentrations and Water Mass Transport of Legacy POPs in the Arctic Ocean

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxin Ma ◽  
Dave A. Adelman ◽  
Eduard Bauerfeind ◽  
Ana Cabrerizo ◽  
Carrie A. McDonough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transport ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

A satellite-based Lagrangian perspective on Atlantic Water fractionation in the Nordic Seas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léon Chafik ◽  
Sara Broomé
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Bottom Topography ◽  
Atlantic Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Fram Strait ◽  
Nordic Seas ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Outer Branch

<p>The Arctic Ocean has been receiving more of the warm and saline Atlantic Water in the past decades. This water mass enters the Arctic Ocean via two Arctic gateways: the Barents Sea Opening and the Fram Strait. Here, we focus on the fractionation of Atlantic Water at these two gateways using a Lagrangian approach based on satellite-derived geostrophic velocities. Simulated particles are released at 70N at the inner and outer branch of the North Atlantic current system in the Nordic Seas. The trajectories toward the Fram Strait and Barents Sea Opening are found to be largely steered by the bottom topography and there is an indication of an anti-phase relationship in the number of particles reaching the gateways. There is, however, a significant cross-over of particles from the outer branch to the inner branch and into the Barents Sea, which is found to be related to high eddy kinetic energy between the branches. This cross-over may be important for Arctic climate variability.</p>

scholarly journals The effects of tides on the water mass mixing and sea ice in the Arctic Ocean

2015 ◽  
Vol 120 (10) ◽  
pp. 6669-6699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria V. Luneva ◽  
Yevgeny Aksenov ◽  
James D. Harle ◽  
Jason T. Holt
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Arctic Ocean
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