Characterization and interpretation of volcanic activity at Karymsky Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia, using observations of infrasound, volcanic emissions, and thermal imagery

Over the past few years, mercury (Hg) concentrations in (predominantly) marine sediments have gained widespread attention as a far-field, high-temporal resolution proxy for deep-time enhanced volcanic activity. The primary focus of these Hg studies has been a range of events in the past 500 million years; mostly larger and smaller mass extinctions and periods of high-amplitude climate change. As a result, sedimentary Hg data reinforced the notion many of these events are indeed coeval with and hypothesized causally connected to large igneous provinces (LIPs).&#160;However, relatively poor constraints on long-term dispersal of emissions through the marine and terrestrial biosphere, accumulation and preservation mechanisms of Hg pose difficulties for its use as a qualitative proxy for enhanced volcanic emissions. As a result, using sedimentary Hg for detailed modeling of Hg cycling or past gaseous emissions of magmatic volatiles, e.g. carbon and sulfur, and by extension environmental impact, remains speculative.The use of Hg normalization to common Hg-binding sedimentary components such as organic carbon (TOC), Fe or Al provides a basic means of comparing relative Hg loading within a sedimentary sequence. Yet, normalizing Hg to these major sedimentary components relies on simple linear relations and this approach often leaves substantial variance. While the high Hg concentrations have usually been ascribed to variability in volcanic activity, there are likely other factors that may invoke changes in the Hg concentrations in sediments, or mask Hg emitted by volcanism such as amount or type and flux of organic matter being deposited in basins and oxygenation of water and local sediments.To evaluate potential confounding factors, we compiled published Hg, TOC and bulk and trace element data, modern and deep-time events, periods with and without known anomalous volcanic activity and cover a range of depositional settings. We find that the depositional setting, as inferred from lithology and bulk sediment chemistry exerts a major control on the overall concentrations of Hg. Differences in Hg loading between time-correlative deposits persist after normalization to major sedimentary components, likely as a result of a complex interplay between various spatial and environmental factors. Our data compilation further allows us to explore the potential of establishing a range for background Hg values and variability through different periods of geological deep-time. Collectively, such constraints can aid the understanding of changes induced by environmental factors or volcanic emissions and inform Hg-cycling models.

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The14C Content of Modern Vegetation Samples from the Flanks of the Katla Volcano, Southern Iceland

Radiocarbon ◽

10.1017/s0033822200031015 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 525-529 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

J. S. Shore ◽

G. T. Cook ◽

A. J. Dugmore

Keyword(s):

Volcanic Activity ◽

Large Scale ◽

Hot Spring ◽

Central Complex ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Terrestrial Plants ◽

Volcanic Emissions ◽

Tephra Fall ◽

Vegetation Samples ◽

Katla Volcano

Samples of living terrestrial plants comprising a moss (Calliergon sp.), Carex spp. and Alchemilla spp. were collected from the surface of the mire at Engimýri in Mýrdalur, southern Iceland, 10 km from the crater rim of the central complex of the Katla volcano. This area is 16 km from the fissures active in ad 1918 and was directly affected by the tephra fall. Although there is no hot-spring or fumerole activity in the area, sufficient volcanic activity during the weeks preceding sample collection produced a strong sulphurous odor in the streams. As part of a large-scale dating program, we analyzed the modern vegetation to determine whether anomalies caused by the uptake of “old” volcanic CO2 were apparent. The results showed 14C values for the Calliergon sp., Carex spp. and Alchemilla spp. of 113.2 ± 0.6 pMC, 113.03 ± 0.52 pMC and 113.10 ± 0.6 pMC, respectively. The δ13CPDB values were −28.7‰, −28.0‰ and −27.0‰, respectively. Similar vegetation, i.e., terrestrial plants from a marsh environment in southern Scotland, were also analyzed as a comparison and gave 14C values of 113.16 ± 0.55 and 112.98 ± 0.59 pMC. The implication is that Icelandic vegetation at Engimýri is not affected by “old” carbon from volcanic emissions and dates obtained for this Icelandic peat are acceptable and directly comparable with Scottish peat.

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Volcanic Activity Influence in Reservoir Quality. Analogue Study: Ngalang and Widoro River, Sambipitu Formation, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

10.29118/ipa.50.17.594.sg ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Evo Aptu Dika

Keyword(s):

Volcanic Activity ◽

Reservoir Quality ◽

Analogue Study

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Stratigraphic position and localities of the Temlyan flora from the Anadyr river lower course basin

Palaeobotany ◽

10.31111/palaeobotany/2015.6.48 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 48-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

L. B. Golovneva ◽

A. A. Grabovskiy

Keyword(s):

Volcanic Activity ◽

City Area ◽

Plant Fossils ◽

Stratigraphic Position ◽

Early Paleocene ◽

First Time ◽

Systematic Composition ◽

Stratigraphic Range

Plant fossils from the volcano-clastic deposits of the lower part of the Tanyurer Formation and lower part of the Tavaivaam Unit in the Anadyr city area (Northeastrn Russia) are described for the first time. This assemblage was named as the Temlyan flora. It consists of 25 taxa and includes ferns, horsetails, lycophytes, ginkgoaleans, czekanowskialeans, cycadophytes, conifers and angiosperms. The Temlyan flora is similar in systematic composition to the Rarytkin flora from the upper part of the Rarytkin Formation which was dated as the late Maastrichtian-Danian. But it is distinguished from the latter by presence of the numerous relicts (Lokyma, Nilssonia, Encephalartopsis, Phoenicopsis and Ginkgo ex gr. sibirica). Probably the presence of relicts in the Temlyan flora is connected with influence of volcanic activity. Age of the Temlyan flora is determined as the late Maastrichtian-Danian on the basis of systematic similarity with the Rarytkin Flora. However this age may be slightly younger, possibly only early Paleocene, because the Tanyurer Formation superposes the Rarytkin Formation. Stratigraphic range of Lokyma, Nilssonia, Encephalartopsis, Phoenicopsis and Ginkgo ex gr. sibirica is extended from its previously known latest records in the early Campanian or middle Maastrichtian up to as late as the latest Maastrichtian or early Paleocene. It is very possible, that these typical Mesozoic taxa may have persisted into the Paleogene.

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