Genetic Resistance of Host Plants for Disease Management

2005 ◽  
pp. 284-356
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Genetic Resistance

Clubroot in Brassica: Recent advances in genomics, breeding and disease management

Genome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jakir Hasan ◽  
Swati Megha ◽  
Habibur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Clubroot Disease

Clubroot disease, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, affects Brassica oilseed and vegetable production worldwide. This review is focused on various aspects of clubroot disease and its management, including understanding the pathogen and resistance in the host plants. Advances in genetics, molecular biology techniques and ‘omics’ research have helped to identify several major loci, QTL and genes from the Brassica genomes involved in the control of clubroot resistance. Transcriptomic studies have helped to extend our understanding of the mechanism of infection by the pathogen and the molecular basis of resistance/susceptibility in the host plants. A comprehensive understanding of the clubroot disease and host resistance would allow developing a better strategy by integrating the genetic resistance with cultural practices to manage this disease from a long-term perspective.

scholarly journals Tomato breeding for disease resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Gabriella Queiroz De Almeida ◽  
Juliana de Oliveira Silva ◽  
Mariane Gonçalves Ferreira Copati ◽  
Felipe de Oliveira Dias ◽  
Manoel Coelho dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Genetic Breeding ◽  
Tomato Breeding

In the genetic breeding of tomatoes, not only productivity, but also factors related to fruit quality and pest and disease management are taken into account. In this context, diseases stand out, since they are the main bottlenecks for successful cultivation. Currently, the search for more sustainable crops has demanded from producers’ alternatives to disease control to reduce the use of pesticides. Among the diseases that most reduce tomato production in Brazil, whether for table or industry, we can mention late blight, black spot, fusarium wilt, viruses, bacterial and nematode diseases. Genetic resistance, obtained by genetic breeding programs, is one of the best tools to deal with diseases to depend less on pesticides. Thus, this review aims to provide an overview of tomato breeding programs in terms of resistance to the main diseases that affect this crop.

Root Biology of Grasses and Ecology of Rhizobacteria for Biological Control

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 610-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horace D. Skipper ◽  
Alex G. Ogg ◽  
Ann C. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Initial Model ◽  
Biological Control Of Weeds ◽  
Commercial Success

Rhizobacteria are being evaluated for promotion of plant growth and for biological control of weeds, insects, diseases, and nematodes. Although considerable efforts have been allocated to this approach to biological control, commercial success remains elusive yet intriguing. In this review, the root biology of downy brome and winter wheat is described as an initial model of the information needed for other plant hosts. A limited review of rhizobacteria in disease management is presented to demonstrate the potential and some limitations with rhizobacteria as biocontrol agents. Several techniques are described to improve the survival of a rhizobacterium to suppress downy brome. To achieve success with rhizobacteria in pest management, more information is needed on the root biology of the host plants and the ecology of the rhizobacteria.

scholarly journals Recent advances on the characterization and control of sunflower soilborne pathogens under climate change conditions

OCL ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leire Molinero-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Pathogen Characterization ◽  
New Races ◽  
Pathogen Populations ◽  
And Control

The control of soilborne crop pathogens is conditioned by the limited management options due to difficult access to active infection courts and to restrictions in the use of synthetic pesticides in Europe. For most soilborne sunflower pathogens, an effective management relies on genetic resistance which is, however, hindered by new pathogen populations (new races). Special emphasis is thus put on updated monitoring and characterization of pathogens and on the enlargement of the set of tools for disease management. Concerning characterization, advances on the population structure of Verticillium dahliae affecting sunflower by means of genetic, molecular and pathogenic approaches are presented. Also in relation to increases of sunflower wilt diseases recently observed, the fungus Cadophora malorum has been identified in Russia and reported as a new pathogen of this crop. Third, new races of Plasmopara halstedii (sunflower downy mildew), have been identified in Spain and Portugal. Most of them have a high virulence, since they overcome several genes for resistance. With regard to alternatives for disease control, entomopathogenic fungi (EF) constitute a novel tool. Used for years in Integrated Pest Management strategies due to their efficacy in controlling insect pests affecting crops, new ecological roles of these fungi have recently been reported. The EF species Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum have been assessed by their in vitro effect against V. dahliae and C. malorum by our research group. Our results suggest that antibiosis and/or competition for ecological niche are operating in some EF-pathogen interactions. In summary, pathogen characterization is essential for genetic resistance for worldwide environments of sunflower production. Moreover, the security of sunflower yield and profitability is dependent not only on effective genetic resistance, but also on additional new control options that can be included in successful strategies of sunflower disease management.

scholarly journals Development of resistant crop plants to parasitic weeds based on trans-specific gene silencing

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radi Aly ◽  
John I. Yoder
Keyword(s):  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Tobacco Rattle Virus ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Transgenic Tomato ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Parasitic Weeds ◽  
Experimental Systems

Broomrapes (Orobanche/Phelipanchespp.) are holo parasitic plants that subsist on the roots of a variety of agricultural crops and cause severe losses to the yield quality and quantity. Effective methods for controlling parasitic weeds are scarce, with only a few known cases of genetic resistance. In the current study, we proposed an improved strategy for the control of parasitic weeds based on trans-specific gene-silencing of three parasite genes at once. We used two strategies to express dsRNA containing selected sequences of three Phelipancheaegyptiacagenes PaACS, PaM6PR and PaPrx1 (pma): transient expression using Tobacco rattle virus (TRV:pma) as a virus-induced gene-silencing (VIGS) vector and stable expression in transgenic tomato Solanumlycopersicum(Mill.) plants harboring a hairpin construct (pBINPLUS35:pma). siRNA-mediated transgene-silencing (20–24 nt) was detected in the host plants. Our results demonstrate that the quantities of PaACSand PaM6PR transcripts from P. aegyptiacatubercles grown on transgenic tomato or on Tobacco rattle virus-infected Nicotianabenthamianaplants were significantly reduced. However, only partial reductions in the quantity of PaPrx1 transcripts were observed in the parasite tubercles grown on tomato and on N. benthamianaplants. Concomitant with the suppression of the target genes, there were significant decreases in the number and weight of the parasite tubercles that grew on the host plants, in both the transient and the stable experimental systems. The results of the work carried out using both strategies point to the movement of mobile exogenous siRNA from the host to the parasite, leading to the impaired expression of essential parasite target genes. In light of the importance of parasitic weeds to world agriculture and the difficulty of obtaining resistance by conventional methods, we assume that genetic resistance based on the silencing of key metabolic genes in the parasite is now feasible. BARD Report - Project4622 Page 2 of 60 

scholarly journals Determination of Virulence Phenotypes of Plasmopara halstedii in the United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 2823-2831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Gilley ◽  
Thomas J. Gulya ◽  
Gerald J. Seiler ◽  
William Underwood ◽  
Brent S. Hulke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Plasmopara Halstedii ◽  
Pathogen Virulence ◽  
Standard Set ◽  
The U.S

Downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. and de Toni, is an economically important disease in cultivated sunflowers, Helianthus annuus L. Resistance genes incorporated into commercial hybrids are used as an effective disease management tool, but the duration of effectiveness is limited as virulence evolves in the pathogen population. A comprehensive assessment of pathogen virulence was conducted in 2014 and 2015 in the U.S. Great Plains states of North Dakota and South Dakota, where approximately 75% of the U.S. sunflower is produced annually. The virulence phenotypes (and races) of 185 isolates were determined using the U.S. standard set of nine differentials. Additionally, the virulence phenotypes of 61 to 185 isolates were determined on 13 additional lines that have been used to evaluate pathogen virulence in North America and/or internationally. Although widespread virulence was identified on several genes, new virulence was identified on the Pl8 resistance gene, and no virulence was observed on the PlArg, Pl15, Pl17 and Pl18 genes. Results of this study suggest that three additional lines should be used as differentials and agree with previous studies that six lines proposed as differentials should be used in two internationally accepted differential sets. For effective disease management using genetic resistance, it is critical that virulence data be relevant and timely. This is best accomplished when pathogen virulence is determined frequently and by using genetic lines containing resistance genes actively incorporated into commercial cultivars.

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