Application of Risk Assessments in Crafting Drinking Water Regulations

2005 ◽  
pp. 183-196
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Macler
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Risk Assessments

scholarly journals Association between aluminum and silicon concentrations in Isfahan drinking water and their health risk assessments

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Afshin Ebrahimi ◽  
Hajar Pourgheysari ◽  
Yaghoub Hajizadeh ◽  
MohammadJavad Tarrahi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Health Risk Assessments

Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater in agriculture: revisiting WHO guidelines

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Carr ◽  
U.J. Blumenthal ◽  
D. Duncan Mara
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Hygiene Promotion

The use of wastewater in agriculture is occurring more frequently because of water scarcity and population growth. Often the poorest households rely on this resource for their livelihood and food security needs. However, there are negative health implications of this practice that need to be addressed. WHO developed Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewater in Agriculture in 1989. The Guidelines are currently being revised based on new data from epidemiological studies, quantitative microbial risk assessments and other relevant information. WHO guidelines must be practical and offer feasible risk management solutions that will minimize health threats and allow for the beneficial use of scarce resources. To achieve the greatest impact on health, guidelines should be implemented with other health measures such as: health education, hygiene promotion, provision of adequate drinking water and sanitation, and other health care measures.

scholarly journals Drinking Water Risk Management Plan: A Case Study in the Ore Processing Industry

Safety ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Arif Susanto ◽  
Purwanto Purwanto ◽  
Edi K. Putro ◽  
Fanny Yuliasari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Management System ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Critical Control Points ◽  
Ore Processing

All of the water supply system development needs to be safe and meet health requirements. Due to the expansion of the ore processing industry, water supply providers are required to identify the risks that may arise from dangerous and hazardous events. The purpose of this study was to build a structured approach to drinking water risk management plans (RMPs). We used risk assessments with reference to the environmental management system, risk management, and the food safety management system. The results of the risk assessment show two critical control points (CCPs) of high risk: Dam (catchment) and pipe reticulation. Some CCPs were categorized as posing very high risks of hazardous events due to pathogen contamination, including the clean water tank, the disinfectant injector, and pipe reticulation. The RMPs recorded and identified various preventive measures that could be taken to reduce and eliminate the risks. Daily operational requirements can be implemented to prepare for these hazards and risks that have the potential to negatively affect the quality of the drinking water supplied to the workers. Risk assessments were conducted in two stages: Preventive measures and operational monitoring. The involvement of all departments and authority agencies was crucial to ensure the success in the development and review of the operational aspects of these RMPs.

scholarly journals Transmission of Helicobacter pylori and the role of water and biofilms

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Percival ◽  
John G. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Primary Transmission

Documented evidence relating to the survival of Helicobacter pylori outside the gastric niche is extremely limited. To date the primary transmission routes of H. pylori have yet to be confirmed and when this is achieved preventive infection control measures can be implemented to reduce and ultimately prevent human infection from this pathogen. There is mounting evidence which suggests that the prevalence of H. pylori infection has a strong correlation with access to clean water, suggesting a transmission route to the host. However, there are no established culture methods for the detection of viable H. pylori in the environment, in particular drinking water supplies, preventing the development of true epidemiological and risk assessments. The aim of this review is to highlight the available data to date that suggests drinking water and possible survival in biofilms as a probable transmission mode for H. pylori.

Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessments of arsenic contamination in drinking water of Ardabil city in the Northwest of Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 421-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Sadeghi ◽  
Simin Nasseri ◽  
Masud Yunesian ◽  
Ramin Nabizadeh ◽  
Mohammad Mosaferi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Arsenic Contamination ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Northwest Of Iran

scholarly journals Analysis of Cumulative Cancer Risk Associated with Disinfection Byproducts in United States Drinking Water

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 2149
Author(s):  
Sydney Evans ◽  
Chris Campbell ◽  
Olga V. Naidenko
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Disinfection Byproducts ◽  
Haloacetic Acids ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Community Water Systems ◽  
Community Water ◽  
The U.S

Hundreds of different disinfection byproducts form in drinking water following necessary treatment with chlorine and other disinfectants, and many of those byproducts can damage DNA and increase the risk of cancer. This study offers the first side-by-side comparison of cancer risk assessments based on toxicological and epidemiological studies of disinfection byproducts using a comprehensive contaminant occurrence dataset for haloacetic acids and trihalomethanes, two groups of disinfection byproducts that are regulated in drinking water. We also provide the first analysis of a new occurrence dataset for unregulated haloacetic acids that became available from the latest, fourth round of the U.S. EPA-mandated unregulated contaminant monitoring program (UCMR4). A toxicological assessment indicated that haloacetic acids, and in particular brominated haloacetic acids, are more carcinogenic and are associated with a greater number of attributable cancer cases than trihalomethanes. Based on the toxicological analysis, cumulative lifetime cancer risk due to exposure to trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids for community water systems monitored under UCMR4, estimated with standard default parameters for body weight and water intake, corresponds to 7.0 × 10−5 (3.5 × 10−5–1.3 × 10−4). The same analysis conducted with age sensitivity factors to account for elevated risk in infants and children yielded a cumulative risk estimate of 2.9 × 10−4 (1.7 × 10−4–6.2 × 10−4). Epidemiological data suggest that lifetime cancer risk from disinfection byproducts for the U.S. population served by community water systems is approximately 3.0 × 10−3 (2.1 × 10−4–5.7 × 10−3), or a lifetime cancer risk of three cases per thousand people. Overall, this analysis highlights the value of using human data in health risk assessments to the greatest extent possible.

Quantitative microbial risk assessments for drinking water facilities: evaluation of a range of treatment strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 1943-1955
Author(s):  
Joshua G. Elliott ◽  
Liz Taylor-Edmonds ◽  
Robert C. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Microbial Risk

Impact of treatment on pathogen risk.

scholarly journals Health risk assessments due to uranium contamination of drinking water in Bathinda region, Punjab state, India

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakhwant Singh ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
B.S. Bajwa ◽  
Surinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Uranium Contamination ◽  
Health Risk Assessments

Health risk assessments due to nitrate levels in drinking water in villages of Azadshahr, northeastern Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Qasemi ◽  
Mansoureh Farhang ◽  
Hamed Biglari ◽  
Mojtaba Afsharnia ◽  
Afsaneh Ojrati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Health Risk Assessments
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