β-Amino Acids in Natural Products

2005 ◽  
pp. 19-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Spiteller ◽  
Franz von Nussbaum
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Natural Products

An enumeration of natural products from microbial, marine and terrestrial sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fidele Ntie-Kang ◽  
Daniel Svozil
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Lead Compound ◽  
Chemical Databases ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Metabolic Properties

AbstractThe discovery of a new drug is a multidisciplinary and very costly task. One of the major steps is the identification of a lead compound, i.e. a compound with a certain degree of potency and that can be chemically modified to improve its activity, metabolic properties, and pharmacokinetics profiles. Terrestrial sources (plants and fungi), microbes and marine organisms are abundant resources for the discovery of new structurally diverse and biologically active compounds. In this chapter, an attempt has been made to quantify the numbers of known published chemical structures (available in chemical databases) from natural sources. Emphasis has been laid on the number of unique compounds, the most abundant compound classes and the distribution of compounds in terrestrial and marine habitats. It was observed, from the recent investigations, that ~500,000 known natural products (NPs) exist in the literature. About 70 % of all NPs come from plants, terpenoids being the most represented compound class (except in bacteria, where amino acids, peptides, and polyketides are the most abundant compound classes). About 2,000 NPs have been co-crystallized in PDB structures.

scholarly journals N-(1-Phenylethyl)aziridine-2-carboxylate esters in the synthesis of biologically relevant compounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 1722-1757
Author(s):  
Iwona E Głowacka ◽  
Aleksandra Trocha ◽  
Andrzej E Wróblewski ◽  
Dorota G Piotrowska
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Chiral Auxiliary ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Enantioselective Syntheses ◽  
New Procedures

Since Garner’s aldehyde has several drawbacks, first of all is prone to racemization, alternative three-carbon chirons would be of great value in enantioselective syntheses of natural compounds and/or drugs. This review article summarizes applications of N-(1-phenylethyl)aziridine-2-carboxylates, -carbaldehydes and -methanols in syntheses of approved drugs and potential medications as well as of natural products mostly alkaloids but also sphingoids and ceramides and their 1- and 3-deoxy analogues and several hydroxy amino acids and their precursors. Designed strategies provided new procedures to several drugs and alternative approaches to natural products and proved efficiency of a 2-substituted N-(1-phenylethyl)aziridine framework as chiron bearing a chiral auxiliary.

scholarly journals Unravelling photoprotection in microbial natural products

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack M. Woolley ◽  
Vasilios G. Stavros
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Skin Care ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Natural Form ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Microbial Natural Products ◽  
Skin Care Products

Mycosporine-like amino acids have long been known as a natural form of photoprotection for fungi and cyanobacteria. This review will highlight the key time-resolved experimental and theoretical techniques unravelling their photochemistry and photophysics, and directly link this to their use in commercial skin-care products, namely as sunscreen filters. Three case studies have been selected, each having aided advancement in this burgeoning field of research. We discuss these studies in the context of photoprotection and conclude by evaluating the necessary future steps towards translating the photochemistry and photophysics insight of these nature derived sunscreen filters to commercial application.

One-pot total synthesis of streptindole, arsindoline B and their congeners through tandem decarboxylative deaminative dual-coupling reaction of amino acids with indoles

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 4240-4247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiachen Xiang ◽  
Jungang Wang ◽  
Miao Wang ◽  
Xianggao Meng ◽  
Anxin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Total Synthesis ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
One Pot ◽  
The One

This paper described a decarboxylative deaminative dual-coupling reaction of amino acids with indoles to afford BIM scaffolds and its further application to the one-pot total synthesis of natural products.

Enantioselective total syntheses of cyclopropane amino acids: Natural products and protein methanologs

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 537-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
JoséM. Jiménez ◽  
Joan Rifé ◽  
Rosa M. Ortuño
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Total Syntheses

scholarly journals Bacterial-like nonribosomal peptide synthetases produce cyclopeptides in the zygomycetous fungus Mortierella alpina

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob M. Wurlitzer ◽  
Aleksa Stanišić ◽  
Ina Wasmuth ◽  
Sandra Jungmann ◽  
Dagmar Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Mortierella Alpina ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Fungal Genome ◽  
Nonribosomal Peptide ◽  
Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetases ◽  
Peptide Synthetases ◽  
Bacterial Origin ◽  
Basal Fungi

AbstractFungi are traditionally considered as reservoir of biologically active natural products. However, an active secondary metabolism has long not been attributed to early diverging fungi such as Mortierella spec. Here, we report on the biosynthesis of two series of cyclic pentapeptides, the malpicyclins and malpibaldins, as products of Mortierella alpina ATCC32222. The molecular structures of malpicyclins were elucidated by HR-MS/MS, Marfey’s method, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. In addition, malpibaldin biosynthesis was confirmed by HR-MS. Genome mining and comparative qRT-PCR expression analysis pointed at two pentamodular nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), malpicyclin synthetase MpcA and malpibaldin synthetase MpbA, as candidate biosynthetic enzymes. Heterologous production of the respective adenylation domains and substrate specificity assays proved promiscuous substrate selection and confirmed their respective biosynthetic roles. In stark contrast to known fungal NRPSs, MpbA and MpcA contain bacterial-like dual epimerase/condensation domains allowing the racemization of enzyme-tethered l-amino acids and the subsequent incorporation of d-amino acids into the metabolites. Phylogenetic analyses of both NRPS genes indicate a bacterial origin and a horizontal gene transfer into the fungal genome. This is the first report of nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis in basal fungi which highlights this paraphylum as novel and underrated resource of natural products.IMPORTANCEFungal natural compounds are industrially produced with application in antibiotic treatment, cancer medications and crop plant protection. Traditionally, higher fungi have been intensively investigated concerning their metabolic potential, but re-identification of already known compounds is frequently observed. Hence, alternative strategies to acquire novel bioactive molecules are required. We present the genus Mortierella as representative of the early diverging fungi as an underestimated resource of natural products. Mortierella alpina produces two families of cyclopeptides, denoted malpicyclins and malpibaldins, respectively, via two pentamodular nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). These enzymes are much closer related to bacterial than to other fungal NRPSs, suggesting a bacterial origin of these NRPS genes in Mortierella. Both enzymes are the first biochemically characterized natural product biosynthesis enzymes of basal fungi. Hence, this report establishes early diverging fungi as prolific natural compound producers and sheds light on the origin of their biosynthetic capacity.

scholarly journals Dehydroamino acids: chemical multi-tools for late-stage diversification

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 3653-3669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan W. Bogart ◽  
Albert A. Bowers
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Noncanonical Amino Acids ◽  
Dehydroamino Acids

α,β-Dehydroamino acids (dhAAs) are noncanonical amino acids that are found in a wide array of natural products and can be easily installed into peptides and proteins.

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