Oxidation States of Organic Compounds

2005 ◽  
pp. 32-46
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Oxidation States

Assigning Oxidation States to Organic Compounds via Predictions from X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: A Discussion of Approaches and Recommended Improvements

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipul Gupta ◽  
Hasitha Ganegoda ◽  
Mark H. Engelhard ◽  
Jeff Terry ◽  
Matthew R. Linford
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
X Ray

Large-Scale Synthesis of Aniline Trimers in Different Oxidation States

Synthesis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (19) ◽  
pp. 3611-3616
Author(s):  
Gerardo Yepez ◽  
Anurag Noonikara Poyil ◽  
Alejandro Bugarin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Important Class ◽  
Large Scale Synthesis ◽  
Synthetic Approaches ◽  
First Time

Polyanilines are an important class of organic compounds, due to their utility in a large variety of applications. In contrast, oligo­anilines have been employed far more sporadically, in large part reflecting an absence of refined synthetic approaches. Herein, we report, for the first time, a relatively large-scale strategy to generate highly pure aniline trimers at different oxidation states with excellent yields (90–97%).

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Organosulfates in Arctic Ocean and Antarctic atmospheric aerosols

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqing Ye ◽  
Zhouqing Xie ◽  
Ming Zhu ◽  
Xinming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Organic Aerosols ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

Abstract. Organic aerosols are ubiquitous components of atmospheric aerosols. Organosulfate aerosols have been detected in the Arctic Ocean atmosphere and may play an important role in the radiative balance in Polar Regions. Aerosol samples from the Arctic Ocean and Antarctic atmosphere during 2014/2015 CHINARE were analysed by ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry coupled with negative ion mode electrospray ionization (ESI(-)-UHRMS). Hundreds of organic compounds were detected and tentatively determined by their formulas, including organosulfates (OSs), nitrooxy-organosulfates (NOSs), organonitrates (ONs) and oxygenated hydrocarbons (OxyCs). The number of OSs/NOSs accounted for 28–32 % of the total number of detected molecules at polar sites and ONs were 28–40 %. Organic compounds of Arctic Ocean and Antarctic aerosols had high oxidation states for carbon and a large percentage of high molecular weight formulas; this indicated that aged organic aerosols likely comprise a significant part of the polar atmosphere. We hypothesized that highly oxidized HMW compounds tend to be transported to the polar area from stratospheric reservoirs. Dramatic differences of the molecular characteristics were observed when we compared aerosol samples between polar sites and Guangzhou sites, reflecting the different oxidation mechanisms and atmospheric transmission. The polar sites contained higher fractions of OSs/NOSs and lower fractions of ONs than the Guangzhou sites did; this indicated that the oxidation of NOx was weaker in the polar region. Observing that the fraction and oxidation states of polycyclic aromatic OSs/NOSs polar regions were similar to the Guangzhou urban area but not the rural area implied an anthropogenic influence on OSs/NOSs in remote polar areas. In addition, the contribution of potential precursors (anthropogenic and biogenic volatile organic compounds) to OS and NOS formation as well as the effects of nss-SO4 aerosols, pH and RH on OS formation in polar areas were discussed. Our study presents the first overview of OSs and ONs in the Arctic Ocean and Antarctic atmosphere and promotes the understanding of their characteristics and sources.

The Tempo and mode(S) of Prebiotic Evolution

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 419-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Lazcano
Keyword(s):  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Early Diversification ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon ◽  
The Origin Of Life

AbstractDifferent current ideas on the origin of life are critically examined. Comparison of the now fashionable FeS/H2S pyrite-based autotrophic theory of the origin of life with the heterotrophic viewpoint suggest that the later is still the most fertile explanation for the emergence of life. However, the theory of chemical evolution and heterotrophic origins of life requires major updating, which should include the abandonment of the idea that the appearance of life was a slow process involving billions of years. Stability of organic compounds and the genetics of bacteria suggest that the origin and early diversification of life took place in a time period of the order of 10 million years. Current evidence suggest that the abiotic synthesis of organic compounds may be a widespread phenomenon in the Galaxy and may have a deterministic nature. However, the history of the biosphere does not exhibits any obvious trend towards greater complexity or «higher» forms of life. Therefore, the role of contingency in biological evolution should not be understimated in the discussions of the possibilities of life in the Universe.

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