Digestion and Absorption of Basic Nutritional Constituents

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Hopfer ◽  
C. N. Angstadt
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Constituents

scholarly journals Dietary tryptophan links encephalogenicity of autoreactive T cells with gut microbial ecology

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana K. Sonner ◽  
Melanie Keil ◽  
Maren Falk-Paulsen ◽  
Neha Mishra ◽  
Ateequr Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Cns Autoimmunity ◽  
Tryptophan Metabolites ◽  
Metabolic Properties ◽  
Nutritional Constituents

Abstract The interaction between the mammalian host and its resident gut microbiota is known to license adaptive immune responses. Nutritional constituents strongly influence composition and functional properties of the intestinal microbial communities. Here, we report that omission of a single essential amino acid - tryptophan – from the diet abrogates CNS autoimmunity in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Dietary tryptophan restriction results in impaired encephalitogenic T cell responses and is accompanied by a mild intestinal inflammatory response and a profound phenotypic shift of gut microbiota. Protective effects of dietary tryptophan restriction are abrogated in germ-free mice, but are independent of canonical host sensors of intracellular tryptophan metabolites. We conclude that dietary tryptophan restriction alters metabolic properties of gut microbiota, which in turn have an impact on encephalitogenic T cell responses. This link between gut microbiota, dietary tryptophan and adaptive immunity may help to develop therapeutic strategies for protection from autoimmune neuroinflammation.

scholarly journals Some nutritional constituents in bulbs of selected Allium cultivars

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Leja ◽  
Anna Kołton ◽  
Iwona Kamińska ◽  
Gabriela Wyżgolik ◽  
Wojciech Matuszak
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Edible Part ◽  
Onion Bulbs ◽  
Nutritional Constituents

Abstract Two years experiment was carried out to compare the nutritional composition in bulbs of ten onion cultivars grown in the field conditions. Pyruvic acid, ascorbic acid and soluble sugars were determined in the edible part of onion bulbs. In most cultivars the content of pyruvate as the pungency index was ranged between 3-7 μmol g-1 fresh weight (medium pungency), however, three of them exceeded 7 μmol g-1 fresh weight (high pungency). A higher level of pyruvate corresponded in most cases with higher sugar content but was not correlated with that of ascorbic acid.

scholarly journals Successive Nonstatistical and Statistical Approaches for the Improved Antibiotic Activity of Rare ActinomyceteNonomuraeasp. JAJ18

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polpass Arul Jose ◽  
Solomon Robinson David Jebakumar
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Media Optimization ◽  
Burman Design ◽  
Nutritional Constituents

The selection and optimization of nutritional constituents as well as their levels for the improved production of antibiotic byNonomuraeasp. JAJ18 were carried out using combination of both nonstatistical one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method and statistical response surface methodology (RSM). Using OFAT method, starch and (NH4)2SO4were identified as suitable carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Subsequently, starch, NaCl, and MgSO4·7H2O were recognized as the most significant media components with confidence level of above 95% using the Plackett-Burman design. The levels of the three media components were further optimized using RSM employed with Box-Behnken design. Accordingly, a second-order polynomial regression model was fitted into the experimental data. By analyzing the response surface plots as well as using numerical optimization method, the optimal levels for starch, NaCl, and MgSO4·7H2O were determined as 15.6 g/L, 0.8 g/L, and 1.98 g/L, respectively. With the optimized medium, 15.5% increase was observed in antibiotic activity of JAJ18. Results further support the use of RSM for media optimization. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of statistical media optimization for antibiotic production in rare actinomyceteNonomuraeaspecies, which will be useful for the development ofNonomuraeacultivation process for efficient antibiotic production on a large scale.

Changes in nutritional constituents, anthocyanins, and volatile compounds during the processing of black rice tea

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 917-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wu ◽  
Meijing Zhai ◽  
Yang Yao ◽  
Chuan Dong ◽  
Shaomin Shuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Black Rice ◽  
Nutritional Constituents
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