Transcription and Replication in the Human Polyomaviruses

2003 ◽  
pp. 73-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee-Sun Kim ◽  
John W. Henson ◽  
Richard J. Frisque
Keyword(s):  
Human Polyomaviruses ◽  
Transcription And Replication

Human polyomaviruses genomes in clinical specimens of colon cancer patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Dolci ◽  
Lucia Signorini ◽  
Wafa Toumi ◽  
Giuseppe Basile ◽  
Sarah D'Alessandro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Human Polyomaviruses

Antivirals against human polyomaviruses: Leaving no stone unturned

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongsong Wu ◽  
Fabrice E Graf ◽  
Hans H Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Human Polyomaviruses

scholarly journals Remdesivir and Ledipasvir among the FDA-Approved Antiviral Drugs Have Potential to Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Replication

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1052
Author(s):  
Rameez Hassan Pirzada ◽  
Muhammad Haseeb ◽  
Maria Batool ◽  
MoonSuk Kim ◽  
Sangdun Choi
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Nonstructural Proteins ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
Direct Acting Antiviral ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Half Maximal Effective Concentration ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Direct Acting ◽  
Transcription And Replication

The rapid spread of the virus, the surge in the number of deaths, and the unavailability of specific SARS-CoV-2 drugs thus far necessitate the identification of drugs with anti-COVID-19 activity. SARS-CoV-2 enters the host cell and assembles a multisubunit RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) complex of viral nonstructural proteins that plays a substantial role in the transcription and replication of the viral genome. Therefore, RdRp is among the most suitable targets in RNA viruses. Our aim was to investigate the FDA approved antiviral drugs having potential to inhibit the viral replication. The methodology adopted was virtual screening and docking of FDA-approved antiviral drugs into the RdRp protein. Top hits were selected and subjected to molecular dynamics simulations to understand the dynamics of RdRp in complex with these drugs. The antiviral activity of the drugs against SARS-CoV-2 was assessed in Vero E6 cells. Notably, both remdesivir (half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) 6.6 μM, 50% cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) > 100 µM, selectivity index (SI) = 15) and ledipasvir (EC50 34.6 μM, CC50 > 100 µM, SI > 2.9) exerted antiviral action. This study highlights the use of direct-acting antiviral drugs, alone or in combination, for better treatments of COVID-19.

scholarly journals The RNA Architecture of the SARS-CoV-2 3′-Untranslated Region

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1473
Author(s):  
Junxing Zhao ◽  
Jianming Qiu ◽  
Sadikshya Aryal ◽  
Jennifer L. Hackett ◽  
Jingxin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Untranslated Region ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfate ◽  
Nonstructural Proteins ◽  
Stem Loop ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Chemical Probing ◽  
Mutational Profiling ◽  
Genome Transcription ◽  
Polymerase Binding ◽  
Transcription And Replication

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic. The 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of this β-CoV contains essential cis-acting RNA elements for the viral genome transcription and replication. These elements include an equilibrium between an extended bulged stem-loop (BSL) and a pseudoknot. The existence of such an equilibrium is supported by reverse genetic studies and phylogenetic covariation analysis and is further proposed as a molecular switch essential for the control of the viral RNA polymerase binding. Here, we report the SARS-CoV-2 3′ UTR structures in cells that transcribe the viral UTRs harbored in a minigene plasmid and isolated infectious virions using a chemical probing technique, namely dimethyl sulfate (DMS)-mutational profiling with sequencing (MaPseq). Interestingly, the putative pseudoknotted conformation was not observed, indicating that its abundance in our systems is low in the absence of the viral nonstructural proteins (nsps). Similarly, our results also suggest that another functional cis-acting element, the three-helix junction, cannot stably form. The overall architectures of the viral 3′ UTRs in the infectious virions and the minigene-transfected cells are almost identical.

scholarly journals SerpinB2 Is an Inducible Host Factor Involved in Enhancing HIV-1 Transcription and Replication

2006 ◽  
Vol 281 (42) ◽  
pp. 31348-31358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant A. Darnell ◽  
Wayne A. Schroder ◽  
Joy Gardner ◽  
David Harrich ◽  
Hong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Factor ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Transcription And Replication

scholarly journals Detection and Sequence Analysis of Human Polyomaviruses DNA from Autoptic Samples of HIV-1 Positive and Negative Subjects

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Pietropaolo ◽  
D. Fioriti ◽  
P. Simeone ◽  
M. Videtta ◽  
C. Di Taranto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uterine Cervix ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Prostatic Urethra ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Positive Subject ◽  
Coding Control ◽  
Human Polyomaviruses

The distribution of DNA of BK and JC human polyomaviruses (BKV and JCV) was investigated in samples from autopsies of different organs in 2 groups of patients: Human Immunodeficiency Virus −1 (HIV) positive and negative. Samples from various organs were analysed by a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the non-coding control and for the VP1 regions of both viruses. The results obtained showed that BKV DNA was present in both males and females with a higher prevalence in HIV-positive subject samples (spleen: 33%; kidney: 44%; brain: 22%, uterine cervix:100%; prostatic urethra: 50%). In prostatic urethra samples of HIV-positive subjects, the JCV DNA was revealed in a low percentage (33%), while it was not found at all in uterine cervix samples of both groups. The varying presence of BK and JC viral DNA in the different organs seems to reflect the different pathogenetic attitude of these viruses. JCV was mainly present in the brain (55%), confirming its typical neurotropism and its etiological role in neurological disorders found in immunodeficient patients. BKV, on the other hand, was mainly present in the kidney (44%) and in genital organs (uterine cervix: 100%; prostatic urethra: 50%) with the latter finding favouring the hypothesis of a possible sexual transmission of BKV. Furthermore, our results confirm the crucial role of the immune system in the persistence of human polyomaviruses in the host.

Human polyomaviruses and autoimmunity to components of chromatin

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (s2) ◽  
pp. 29-29
Author(s):  
U Moens ◽  
OP Rekvig
Keyword(s):  
Human Polyomaviruses

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Novel Rat Polyomavirus 2 in a Colony of X-SCID Rats by P-PIT assay

mSphere ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lora H. Rigatti ◽  
Tuna Toptan ◽  
Joseph T. Newsome ◽  
Patrick S. Moore ◽  
Yuan Chang
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Potential Model ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Disseminated Disease ◽  
Human Polyomaviruses

ABSTRACT Although P-PIT was developed to detect diseases associated with known human polyomaviruses, the identification of a new polyomavirus in rats suggests that it may have utility as a broad-based screen for new, as well as known polyomaviruses. Our findings suggest that RatPyV2 may be a commensal infection of laboratory rats that can lead to disseminated disease in T cell immune-deficient rats. Infection of the X-SCID rats with RatPyV2 and Pneumocystis carinii is a potential model for coinfection pathogenesis and treatment options during transplant preclinical studies. Polyomaviruses (PyVs) are known to infect a wide range of vertebrates and invertebrates and are associated with a broad spectrum of diseases, including cancers, particularly in immune-suppressed hosts. A novel polyomavirus, designated rat polyomavirus 2 (RatPyV2), was identified from a breeding colony of rats having X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency. Using a human panpolyomavirus immunohistochemistry test (P-PIT), RatPyV2 was initially detected in the parotid salivary gland of a colony member. Rolling circle amplification using DNA from harderian and parotid glands identified a novel 5.1-kb polyomavirus genome closely related to human Washington University (WU) and Karolinska Institute (KI) and vole polyomaviruses but notably divergent from Rattus norvegicus PyV1 (RnorPyV1; also designated RatPyV1). Further screening showed RatPyV2 inclusion body infection in the lung epithelium and variably in other respiratory, reproductive, and glandular tissues of 12/12 (100%) rats. IMPORTANCE Although P-PIT was developed to detect diseases associated with known human polyomaviruses, the identification of a new polyomavirus in rats suggests that it may have utility as a broad-based screen for new, as well as known polyomaviruses. Our findings suggest that RatPyV2 may be a commensal infection of laboratory rats that can lead to disseminated disease in T cell immune-deficient rats. Infection of the X-SCID rats with RatPyV2 and Pneumocystis carinii is a potential model for coinfection pathogenesis and treatment options during transplant preclinical studies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document