Prediction and Significance of the Temporal Pattern of Hormone Secretion in Disease States

2008 ◽  
pp. 105-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Brabant ◽  
K. Prank
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Disease States

Patterns of reproductive hormone secretion in hibernating Turkish hamsters

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (2) ◽  
pp. R329-R336 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Darrow ◽  
L. Yogev ◽  
B. D. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Reproductive Hormone ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Testicular Recrudescence ◽  
Testicular Size

Changes in gonadal state and in circulating reproductive hormones [follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), and testosterone] were studied for 30 wk in male Turkish hamsters (Mesocricetus brandti) induced to hibernate by exposure to a short-day, cold environment [10:14-h light-dark (LD) cycle, 6 +/- 1 degree C]. Similar measures were compared in hamsters maintained under short-day warm conditions (10:14-h LD, 21 +/- 2 degrees C). A decrease in testicular size and in hormone levels was observed after 9-12 wk of short-day exposure in all animals. After 24 wk, hormone levels rose again, accompanied by testicular recrudescence, in short-day warm hamsters and in hamsters that failed to hibernate in the cold. For animals that hibernated the temporal pattern of endocrine and gonadal changes differed only slightly in comparison. Testicular recrudescence of hibernators lagged approximately 3 wk behind that of short-day warm hamsters. Hormone levels were generally lower in hibernators sampled during bouts of torpor than during bouts of spontaneous arousal from torpor. A marked elevation of serum FSH was observed in aroused hibernators well before the end of the hibernation season (at 21 wk of short-day exposure). Mean testosterone and PRL values had increased by wk 27, after hibernation was terminated in the majority of animals. These results indicate that testosterone may not be essential for the termination of the hibernation season. The data also suggest that an endogenous timing mechanism, resistant to the decreased body temperature experienced during torpor, may function to trigger a resurgence of the neuroendocrine-gonadal axis at the end of the winter season.

Considering Circadian Pattern of Blood Pressure in the Treatment of Hypertension via Chronotherapy: A Conducive or Maladroit Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1244-1254
Author(s):  
Rina Das ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Circadian Pattern ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Of Hypertension ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Night And Day ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

Medical chronobiology deals with the way body’s rhythm influences a person’s health and disease states. To match body rhythms, deliberate alteration of drug concentration is done to optimize therapeutic outcomes and minimize size effects and this approach is known as Chronotherapeutics. In general the concept of homeostasis has been the base for the treatment of diseases. Little importance has been given in understanding biologic rhythms and their underlying mechanisms. Designing of cardiovascular drug is done to achieve a constant or near-constant effect throughout the 24-hour with the prescribed dose. However in many cases, medication requirement during night and day time are not the same. Body rhythms may have profound effect on the treatment outcomes. It is a wrongful approach to assume that a drug dosed in the morning or evening will have the same antihypertensive effect. The vast literature record of circadian variations in Blood Pressure (BP), heart rate, hormone secretion, and platelet aggregation are examples of the impact of chronobiology. In this study we analyze the effect of circadian pattern of blood pressure on action of various antihypertensives and investigate the perspective of chronotherapeutics- whether it is a fruitful approach and rationalize its utility in the treatment of hypertension.

scholarly journals Circadian Rhythms in Plasma Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Differ in Men and Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean W. Cain ◽  
Anne-Marie Chang ◽  
Irma Vlasac ◽  
Archana Tare ◽  
Clare Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Single Sample ◽  
Clock Time ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Circulating Levels

The measurement of circulating levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been proposed to be a marker of disease and an indicator of recovery. Thus, knowing the temporal pattern and influence of potential circadian rhythms is important. Although several studies have measured BDNF at different times of day, no studies have done so while controlling for potential masking influences such as sleep and activity. Further, no previous study has examined circadian rhythms within individuals. We examined circadian rhythms in plasma BDNF while minimizing masking from behavioral and environmental factors using a 30-h constant routine (CR) protocol. In a sample of 39 healthy adults, we found significant circadian rhythms in 75% of women and 52% of men. The timing of the acrophase of the BDNF rhythm, however, was unrelated to clock time in women, while it was related to clock time in men. These results indicate that the use of single-sample measures of plasma BDNF as a marker of disease will be unreliable, especially in women. Repeated plasma BDNF samples over a 24-h period within individuals would be needed to reveal abnormalities related to disease states.

scholarly journals Regulation of Corticosteroidogenic Genes by MicroRNAs

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy Robertson ◽  
Louise A. Diver ◽  
Samantha Alvarez-Madrazo ◽  
Craig Livie ◽  
Ayesha Ejaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Multiple Points ◽  
Microrna Regulation ◽  
Adrenal Tissue ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Aldosterone Producing Adenoma ◽  
Normal Adrenal Tissue ◽  
Corticosteroid Secretion

The loss of normal regulation of corticosteroid secretion is important in the development of cardiovascular disease. We previously showed that microRNAs regulate the terminal stages of corticosteroid biosynthesis. Here, we assess microRNA regulation across the whole corticosteroid pathway. Knockdown of microRNA using Dicer1 siRNA in H295R adrenocortical cells increased levels of CYP11A1, CYP21A1, and CYP17A1 mRNA and the secretion of cortisol, corticosterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, 18-hydroxycorticosterone, and aldosterone. Bioinformatic analysis of genes involved in corticosteroid biosynthesis or metabolism identified many putative microRNA-binding sites, and some were selected for further study. Manipulation of individual microRNA levels demonstrated a direct effect of miR-125a-5p and miR-125b-5p on CYP11B2 and of miR-320a-3p levels on CYP11A1 and CYP17A1 mRNA. Finally, comparison of microRNA expression profiles from human aldosterone-producing adenoma and normal adrenal tissue showed levels of various microRNAs, including miR-125a-5p to be significantly different. This study demonstrates that corticosteroidogenesis is regulated at multiple points by several microRNAs and that certain of these microRNAs are differentially expressed in tumorous adrenal tissue, which may contribute to dysregulation of corticosteroid secretion. These findings provide new insights into the regulation of corticosteroid production and have implications for understanding the pathology of disease states where abnormal hormone secretion is a feature.

Growth Hormone Secretagogues in Disease States Associated with Altered Growth Hormone Secretion

1996 ◽  
pp. 389-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe F. Casanueva ◽  
Vera Popovic ◽  
Alfonso Leal-Cerro ◽  
José L. Zugaza ◽  
Manuel Pombo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretagogues ◽  
Disease States

DNA nick end labeling: a reliable marker for apoptosis?

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 962-963
Author(s):  
Anne F. Bushnell ◽  
Sarah Webster ◽  
Lynn S. Perlmutter
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Dna Laddering ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Reliable Marker

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is an important mechanism in development and in diverse disease states. The morphological characteristics of apoptosis were first identified using the electron microscope. Since then, DNA laddering on agarose gels was found to correlate well with apoptotic cell death in cultured cells of dissimilar origins. Recently numerous DNA nick end labeling methods have been developed in an attempt to visualize, at the light microscopic level, the apoptotic cells responsible for DNA laddering.The present studies were designed to compare various tissue processing techniques and staining methods to assess the occurrence of apoptosis in post mortem tissue from Alzheimer's diseased (AD) and control human brains by DNA nick end labeling methods. Three tissue preparation methods and two commercial DNA nick end labeling kits were evaluated: the Apoptag kit from Oncor and the Biotin-21 dUTP 3' end labeling kit from Clontech. The detection methods of the two kits differed in that the Oncor kit used digoxigenin dUTP and anti-digoxigenin-peroxidase and the Clontech used biotinylated dUTP and avidinperoxidase. Both used 3-3' diaminobenzidine (DAB) for final color development.

Metachromatic Leukodystrophy: spatial and temporal pattern of MRI changes and their association with motor deterioration

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Gröschel ◽  
C Kehrer ◽  
C i Dali ◽  
M Wilke ◽  
W Grodd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Metachromatic Leukodystrophy ◽  
Mri Changes
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