Optical Formats: Synchronous Optical Network (SONET)/ Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH), and Gigabit Ethernet

2006 ◽  
pp. 179-232
Keyword(s):  
Optical Network ◽  
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy ◽  
Gigabit Ethernet

scholarly journals Heavy Traffic Feasible Hybrid Intracycle and Cyclic Sleep for Power Saving in 10G-EPON

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Xintian Hu ◽  
Liqian Wang ◽  
Zhiguo Zhang ◽  
Xue Chen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Power Saving ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Light Traffic ◽  
Gigabit Ethernet ◽  
Qos Guarantee

Energy consumption in optical access networks costs carriers substantial operational expense (OPEX) every year and is one of contributing factors for the global warming. To reduce energy consumption in the 10-gigabit Ethernet passive optical network (10G-EPON), a hybrid intracycle and cyclic sleep mechanism is proposed in this paper. Under heavy traffic load, optical network units (ONUs) can utilize short idle slots within each scheduling cycle to enter intracycle sleep without postponing data transmission. In this way, energy conservation is achieved even under heavy traffic load with quality of service (QoS) guarantee. Under light traffic load, ONUs perform long cyclic sleep for several scheduling cycles. The adoption of cyclic sleep instead of intracycle sleep under light traffic load can reduce unnecessary frequent transitions between sleep and full active work caused by using intracycle sleep. Further, the Markov chain of the proposed mechanism is established. The performances of the proposed mechanism and existing approaches are analyzed quantitatively based on the chain. For the proposed mechanism, power saving ability with QoS guarantee even under heavy traffic and better power saving performance than existing approaches are verified by the quantitative analysis. Moreover, simulations validate the above conclusions based on the chain.

High-Speed Multimedia Networks

2011 ◽  
pp. 775-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitris Kanellopoulos
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Asynchronous Transfer Mode ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Multimedia Networks ◽  
Gigabit Ethernet ◽  
Transfer Mode ◽  
Optical Transport Network ◽  
Multi Protocol Label Switching ◽  
Networking Technologies ◽  
10 Gigabit Ethernet

This chapter presents high-speed networking technologies and standards such as Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), Fast Ethernet, 10 Gigabit Ethernet, Synchronous Optical Network (SONET), Resilient Packet Ring (RPR), Provider Backbone Transport (PBT), Provider Backbone Bridges (PBB), Transport - Multi Protocol Label Switching (T-MPLS) and Optical Transport Network (OTN). It considers the requirements imposed to high-speed networks by multimedia applications and analyses crucial issues of high-speed networking such as bandwidth problems, discarding policies and fast broadcast. Finally, the chapter discusses future trends in high-speed multimedia networking.

SONET/SDH, OTN, and RPR

2021 ◽  
pp. 189-232
Author(s):  
Debasish Datta
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Ring Networks ◽  
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Optical Transport Network ◽  
Basic Concepts

With the emergence of high-speed optical transmission, the pre-existing plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH) appeared unsuitable for achieving network synchronization, leading to the development of the synchronous optical network (SONET) and synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) as the two equivalent standards for circuit-switched optical networks. Several bandwidth-efficient techniques were also developed to carry packet-switched data traffic over SONET/SDH networks, offering some useful data-over-SONET/SDH architectures. Subsequently, with the increasing transmission rates for SONET/SDH and Ethernet-based LANs, a convergent networking platform called optical transport network (OTN), was developed. With the ever-increasing volume of bursty data traffic, a standard for packet-switched ring networks, called resilient packet ring (RPR), was also developed for better bandwidth realization in optical fibers. In this chapter, we first present the SONET/SDH networks and the techniques for supporting the data traffic therein, followed by a description of the basic concepts and salient features of the OTN and RPR networks. (147 words)

scholarly journals Adaptive optical network unit for point-to-point and point-to-multipoint Gigabit Ethernet-based optical access networks

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 361-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junichi Kani ◽  
Ryogo Kubo ◽  
Mitsumasa Okada ◽  
Yukihiro Fujimoto ◽  
Kiyomi Kumozaki
Keyword(s):  
Optical Network ◽  
Access Networks ◽  
Optical Access Networks ◽  
Optical Network Unit ◽  
Optical Access ◽  
Gigabit Ethernet ◽  
Point To Point
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