scholarly journals HIV-1 Drug Resistance Profiles in Children and Adults With Viral Load of <50 Copies/mL Receiving Combination Therapy

JAMA ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 286 (2) ◽  
pp. 196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Hermankova
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Performance of a high-throughput next-generation sequencing method for analysis of HIV drug resistance and viral load

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 3510-3516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M Fogel ◽  
David Bonsall ◽  
Vanessa Cummings ◽  
Rory Bowden ◽  
Tanya Golubchik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Viral Load Assay ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the performance of a high-throughput research assay for HIV drug resistance testing based on whole genome next-generation sequencing (NGS) that also quantifies HIV viral load. Methods Plasma samples (n = 145) were obtained from HIV-positive MSM (HPTN 078). Samples were analysed using clinical assays (the ViroSeq HIV-1 Genotyping System and the Abbott RealTime HIV-1 Viral Load assay) and a research assay based on whole-genome NGS (veSEQ-HIV). Results HIV protease and reverse transcriptase sequences (n = 142) and integrase sequences (n = 138) were obtained using ViroSeq. Sequences from all three regions were obtained for 100 (70.4%) of the 142 samples using veSEQ-HIV; results were obtained more frequently for samples with higher viral loads (93.5% for 93 samples with &gt;5000 copies/mL; 50.0% for 26 samples with 1000–5000 copies/mL; 0% for 23 samples with &lt;1000 copies/mL). For samples with results from both methods, drug resistance mutations (DRMs) were detected in 33 samples using ViroSeq and 42 samples using veSEQ-HIV (detection threshold: 5.0%). Overall, 146 major DRMs were detected; 107 were detected by both methods, 37 were detected by veSEQ-HIV only (frequency range: 5.0%–30.6%) and two were detected by ViroSeq only. HIV viral loads estimated by veSEQ-HIV strongly correlated with results from the Abbott RealTime Viral Load assay (R2 = 0.85; n = 142). Conclusions The NGS-based veSEQ-HIV method provided results for most samples with higher viral loads, was accurate for detecting major DRMs, and detected mutations at lower levels compared with a method based on population sequencing. The veSEQ-HIV method also provided HIV viral load data.

scholarly journals Screening for antiretroviral drug resistance among treatment-naive human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals in Lebanon

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
pp. 339-348
Author(s):  
Jacques M Mokhbat ◽  
Nada M. Melhem ◽  
Ziad El-Khatib ◽  
Pierre Zalloua
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

Introduction: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been successful at decreasing the morbidity and mortality associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. HIV-1 drug resistance (HIVDR) among ART-naive patients has been documented to compromise the success of initial therapy. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of HIVDR mutations among newly diagnosed drug-naive HIV-infected individuals in Lebanon. Methodology: Plasma samples from 37 newly diagnosed participants at various stages of HIV-1 infection were used to determine HIV-1 RNA viral load, isolate viral RNA, and amplify DNA by RT-PCR. Purified PCR products were used to perform genotypic resistance tests. Results: The prevalence of resistance mutations to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRT), and protease inhibitors (PI) were 5.4%, 10.8%, and 8%, respectively. The major mutations detected in the study participants conferred resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs recommended for HIV-1 treatment.  No significant relationship between HIV-1 viral load of participants and the mode of HIV-1 transmission or between the occurrence of HIVDR and the mode of transmission was found. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study on HIVDR mutations among newly diagnosed HIV-infected persons in Lebanon. The overall prevalence of HIVDR mutations detected in our study was 16%. Our results are important for evaluating the utility of the standard first-line regimens in use, determining the feasibility of HIVDR testing before the initiation of ART, as well as minimizing the emergence and transmission of HIVDR.

The effect of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance on pre-therapy viral load

AIDS ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 1917-1922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Harrison ◽  
Hannah Castro ◽  
Patricia Cane ◽  
Deenan Pillay ◽  
Clare Booth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Detectable viral load among HIV -1 positive pregnant women on ART (Option B +) in northern Tanzania: Baseline results from the HIVDR study

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Nicholaus Steven Mazuguni ◽  
Festo Mazuguni ◽  
Eva Prosper Muro
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Virological Failure ◽  
Virologic Failure ◽  
Resistance Mutation ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Drug Resistance Mutations ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Level Resistance

Introduction: In Tanzania, the Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children (MoHCDEC) has implemented the Option B+ as one of the strategies to facilitate achievement of elimination of mother to child transmission of HIV. To prevent emergence of drug resistance mutations early identification of option B+ failure is critical. The emergence of drug resistance mutation and subsequent treatment failure poses a major concern for HIV program in low- and middle-income resource settings where treatment options are limited. Methodology: We recruited treatment naïve, treatment experienced HIV-1 positive pregnant women and those who had prophylaxis in their previous pregnancy in Kilimanjaro, northern Tanzania August 2016 to February 2017. Whole blood (2ml) for biochemistry, viral load and drug resistance testing were taken at baseline. ARV drug resistance testing was done on women with VL ≥ 1000 copies/ml. We used descriptive statistic and logistic regression to determine the strength of association between virologic outcome (virologic failure) and independent predictors. Results: One hundred and forty eight (148) pregnant HIV-positive women were enrolled in the study with mean age of 29.82 years (SD=6.17) from August, 2016 to February, 2017. Virologic failure was demonstrated in 34 (23%) with viral load   ≥ 1,000 copies/ml. Genotyping results were available from 26 women, mutations associated with ARV resistance were detected in 23.1% (n = 6/26). Among the six women with ARV resistance mutation 4(66.7%) had high level resistance and 2(33.3%) had low level resistance. Among the 26 samples genotyped 15(58%) viruses were subtype A, while eight were subtype C (31%) and three subtypes D (11%). The most dominant drug resistance mutations against the reverse transcriptase inhibitors for the women with high level resistance were K103N, Y188L, D67N, K70R, M184V, T215F, K219EQ, and the low-level resistance was E138A. The older age was associated with virological failure compared to those who were < 20 year of age. Conclusion: Viral load testing should be done on women who were already on antiretroviral treatment on their first antenatal visit to ensure early detection of virological failure and enable clinicians to take an appropriate course of action on their management. Educational intervention on adherence should be targeted at an early stage to women with virological failure during pregnancy to reduce the emergence of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations.

scholarly journals A Significant Reduction in the Frequency of HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Québec from 2001 to 2011 Is Associated with a Decrease in the Monitored Viral Load

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e109420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugues Charest ◽  
Florence Doualla-Bell ◽  
Régis Cantin ◽  
Donald G. Murphy ◽  
Linda Lemieux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Use of Dried Plasma Spots for HIV-1 Viral Load Determination and Drug Resistance Genotyping in Mexican Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Rodriguez-Auad ◽  
Othon Rojas-Montes ◽  
Angelica Maldonado-Rodriguez ◽  
Ma. Teresa Alvarez-Muñoz ◽  
Onofre Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Hiv 1

Monitoring antiretroviral therapy using measurements of viral load (VL) and the genotyping of resistance mutations is not routinely performed in low- to middle-income countries because of the high costs of the commercial assays that are used. The analysis of dried plasma spot (DPS) samples on filter paper may represent an alternative for resource-limited settings. Therefore, we evaluated the usefulness of analyzing DPS samples to determine VL and identify drug resistance mutations (DRM) in a group of HIV-1 patients. The VL was measured from 22 paired plasma and DPS samples. In these samples, the average VL was 4.7 log10copies/mL in liquid plasma and 4.1 log10copies/mL in DPS, with a correlation coefficient ofR= 0.83. A 1.1 kb fragment of HIVpolcould be amplified in 14/22 (63.6%) of the DPS samples and the same value was amplified in plasma samples. A collection of ten paired DPS and liquid plasma samples was evaluated for the presence of DRM; an excellent correlation was found in the identification of DRM between the paired samples. All HIV-1polsequences that were obtained corresponded to HIV subtype B. The analysis of DPS samples offers an attractive alternative for monitoring ARV therapy in resource-limited settings.

scholarly journals Viral load as a risk factor of reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug resistance mutation in antiretroviral-treated people living with HIV/AIDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-253
Author(s):  
Hotma Martogi Lorensi Hutapea ◽  
Tri Nury Kridaningsih ◽  
Khoirul Huda Prasetyo ◽  
Milton Boaheng Antwi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a major contagion faced by the population of Indonesia. The success of antiretroviral treatment (ART) is threatened by the emergence of drug resistance mutations (DRM). The aim of this study was to determine the association between CD4 count, CD4 count changes, viral load, adherence to therapy, and therapy history in the presence of DRM in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study involving 269 adults who underwent antiretroviral (ARV) therapy for at least 6 months. The frequencies of DRM and polymorphisms were measured by partial amplification of the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene using RT-nested PCR on samples with viral loads of >1000 copies/mL. Sequencing was performed using the Sanger method, and edited by BioEdit. The edited sequences were submitted to http://hivdb.stanford.edu for DRM determination. Respondents’ medical data, CD4 count, viral load, and DRM were analyzed by simple and multiple logistic regression. ResultsThe multiple logistic regression analysis showed a significant association of CD4 count (aOR=12.47; 95% CI: 1.45 -107.39; p=0.023) and viral load at the time of study (aOR=29.56; 95% CI: 3.47-251.52; p=0.002) with the presence of DRM in respondents. ARV substitution history was not associated with the presence of DRM. There were 17 respondents (6.3%) carrying HIV-1 DRM, with M184V/I (11 sequences) as the most frequent pattern of NRTI resistance, and K103 (9 sequences) as that of NNRTI resistance. ConclusionThis study demonstrated that viral load at the time of the study was the most influential determinant factor for the presence of DRM in PLWHA.

HIV-1 Drug Resistance Profiles for the HIV Protease and Reverse Transcriptase Gene in Patients Receiving Combination Therapy in Tehran, Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-248
Author(s):  
Leila Sadeghi ◽  
Masoomeh Lolaie ◽  
Reza Adl Tabatabai ◽  
Saeed Bayanolhagh ◽  
Leila Taj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Hiv Protease ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Gene ◽  
Hiv 1
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