scholarly journals Screening Yield of HIV Antigen/Antibody Combination and Pooled HIV RNA Testing for Acute HIV Infection in a High-Prevalence Population

JAMA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 315 (7) ◽  
pp. 682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Peters ◽  
Emily Westheimer ◽  
Stephanie Cohen ◽  
Lisa B. Hightow-Weidman ◽  
Nicholas Moss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Hiv Antigen ◽  
Acute Hiv ◽  
Antigen Antibody

scholarly journals An Improved HIV Antigen/Antibody Prototype Assay for Earlier Detection of Acute HIV Infection

2021 ◽  
pp. 105022
Author(s):  
Xiaoxing Qiu ◽  
Lori Sokoll ◽  
Thoai Duong Ly ◽  
Catherine Coignard ◽  
Susan H. Eshleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Antigen ◽  
Acute Hiv ◽  
Antigen Antibody

scholarly journals Rapid HIV Antigen–Antibody Assays and Detection of Acute HIV Infection in Sub-Saharan Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-286
Author(s):  
Adedotun A. Adetunji ◽  
Moses O. Adewumi ◽  
Obaro S. Michael ◽  
Samuel A. Fayemiwo ◽  
Adesola Ogunniyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
Antibody Assays ◽  
Hiv Antigen ◽  
Acute Hiv ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Antigen Antibody

scholarly journals Acute HIV Infection in Pregnancy: The Case for Third Trimester Rescreening

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Jocelyn Wertz ◽  
Jason Cesario ◽  
Jennifer Sackrison ◽  
Sean Kim ◽  
Chi Dola
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Acute Hiv ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
In Pregnancy

Combination testing with anti-HIV Elisa and Western blot is both sensitive and specific for diagnosis of established HIV-1 infection but could not detect acute HIV infection (AHI). AHI is a time of extremely high viral load, which may correlate to increased risk of horizontal or vertical transmission. Thus, early identification of AHI could allow for interventions to decrease transmission. However, recognition of AHI can be challenging as symptoms could be absent or nonspecific, therefore, AHI is often not detected, particularly in pregnancy. We present a case report of AHI in a pregnant woman who presented with headache and fever. She tested negative for HIV in the first trimester and at time of AHI at 26 3/7 weeks by anti-HIV Elisa, but was diagnosed with AHI based on an HIV RNA viral load of 434,000 copies/mL. This report presents a case for improved awareness of AHI in pregnancy, and the need for repeat HIV testing in late pregnancy, and highlighted that early detection of AHI might be possible with adding HIV RNA testing at time of standard anti-HIV Elisa screening test in pregnancy. Novel laboratory approaches including pooling of sera for HIV RNA could reduce the cost of HIV RNA testing.

Sensitivity of the STAT-VIEW rapid self-test and implications for use during acute HIV infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 475-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narjis Boukli ◽  
Anders Boyd ◽  
Noémie Wendremaire ◽  
Pierre-Marie Girard ◽  
Julie Bottero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Acute Hiv ◽  
Self Test

ObjectivesHIV testing is an important step towards diminishing incident infections. Rapid self-tests whose use is becoming more common in France could help increase access to testing, yet could fail to diagnose HIV during acute HIV infection (AHI). The aim of the present study was to evaluate HIV-detection sensitivity of a commonly used rapid self-test (STAT-VIEW HIV1/2), compared with another point-of-care rapid test (INSTI), among patients presenting with AHI.MethodsIndividuals tested at Saint-Antoine Hospital (Paris, France) with negative or indeterminate western blot (WB) results and detectable HIV-RNA were included. Rapid tests were performed retrospectively on stored serum. Patients with and without reactive rapid tests were compared, while probability of having a reactive test was modelled across infection duration using logistic regression.ResultsOf the 40 patients with AHI, 23 (57.5%) had a reactive STAT-VIEW rapid test. Patients with non-reactive versus reactive tests had a significantly shorter median time since infection (p=0.01), time since onset of symptoms (p=0.009), higher proportion with Fiebig stage III versus IV (p=0.003), negative WB results (p=0.007), higher HIV-RNA levels (p=0.001) and lower CD4+ and CD8+ cell count (p=0.03, p<0.001, respectively). When examining sensitivity over the course of AHI duration, the probability of HIV detection was 75.5% at 5 weeks from HIV transmission. The INSTI provided similar results with respect to proportion of reactive tests (62.5%), determinants for non-reactive test and probability of HIV detection at 5 weeks of infection (85.0%).ConclusionsOver half of AHI patients had reactive serology using the STAT-VIEW rapid self-test when performed on serum samples. Considering that detection sensitivity increased substantially over infection time, individuals should not rely on a negative result to accurately exclude HIV infection within at least 5 weeks of potential HIV exposure. Notwithstanding strong recommendations against rapid test use during AHI, some utility in detecting HIV is observed 5–12 weeks after transmission.

High prevalence of symptomatic acute HIV infection in an outpatient ward in southern Mozambique: identification and follow-up

AIDS ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia Serna-Bolea ◽  
Jose Muñoz ◽  
Jose M Almeida ◽  
Ariel Nhacolo ◽  
Emilio Letang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Acute Hiv

scholarly journals Comparison of Detection Limits of Fourth- and Fifth-Generation Combination HIV Antigen-Antibody, p24 Antigen, and Viral Load Assays on Diverse HIV Isolates

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mars Stone ◽  
John Bainbridge ◽  
Ana M. Sanchez ◽  
Sheila M. Keating ◽  
Andrea Pappas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Hiv Antigen ◽  
Loads Analysis ◽  
Acute Hiv ◽  
Antigen Antibody

ABSTRACTDetection of acute HIV infection is critical for HIV public health and diagnostics. Clinical fourth-generation antigen (Ag)/antibody (Ab) combination (combo) and p24 Ag immunoassays have enhanced detection of acute infection compared to Ab-alone assays but require ongoing evaluation with currently circulating diverse subtypes. Genetically and geographically diverse HIV clinical isolates were used to assess clinical HIV diagnostic, blood screening, and next-generation assays. Three-hundred-member panels of 20 serially diluted well-characterized antibody-negative HIV isolates for which the researchers were blind to the results (blind panels) were distributed to manufacturers and end-user labs to assess the relative analytic sensitivity of currently approved and preapproved clinical HIV fourth-generation Ag/Ab combo or p24 Ag-alone immunoassays for the detection of diverse subtypes. The limits of detection (LODs) of virus were estimated for different subtypes relative to confirmed viral loads. Analysis of immunoassay sensitivity was benchmarked against confirmed viral load measurements on the blind panel. On the basis of the proportion of positive results on 300 observations, all Ag/Ab combo and standard sensitivity p24 Ag assays performed similarly and within half-log LODs, illustrating the similar breadth of reactivity and diagnostic utility. Ultrasensitive p24 Ag assays achieved dramatically increased sensitivities, while the rapid combo assays performed poorly. The similar performance of the different commercially available fourth-generation assays on diverse subtypes supports their use in broad geographic settings with locally circulating HIV clades and recombinant strains. Next-generation preclinical ultrasensitive p24 Ag assays achieved dramatically improved sensitivity, while rapid fourth-generation assays performed poorly for p24 Ag detection.

scholarly journals Rapid HIV RNA rebound after antiretroviral treatment interruption in persons durably suppressed in Fiebig I acute HIV infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 923-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donn J. Colby ◽  
◽  
Lydie Trautmann ◽  
Suteeraporn Pinyakorn ◽  
Louise Leyre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Treatment Interruption ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Acute Hiv

scholarly journals Higher HIV RNA Viral Load in Recent Patients with Symptomatic Acute HIV Infection in Lyon University Hospitals

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e0146978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Girerd-Genessay ◽  
Dominique Baratin ◽  
Tristan Ferry ◽  
Christian Chidiac ◽  
Vincent Ronin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Acute Hiv

Clinical Syndromes and Differential Diagnosis in the HIV-Infected Patient

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Martagon-Villamil ◽  
Daniel J. Skiest
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
Multifaceted Approach ◽  
Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Acute Hiv ◽  
Prognostic Implications ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Chronic Hiv Infection

Acute HIV infection is often missed but should be recognized. Most chronically infected individuals are asymptomatic. However, some patients with chronic HIV infection may present with certain clinical and laboratory abnormalities prior to the diagnosis of an opportunistic infection. HIV wasting syndrome is infrequently diagnosed in the era of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Recognition of HIV wasting is important because it carries adverse prognostic implications. Management includes a multifaceted approach, including ART, lifestyle and nutritional support, appetite stimulation, and possibly hormonal agents. The newer antigen–antibody test can detect new HIV infection as early as 15 days after exposure. Screening is important because most chronic HIV infection is asymptomatic.

scholarly journals Anogenital HIV RNA in Thai men who have sex with men in Bangkok during acute HIV infection and after randomization to standard vs. intensified antiretroviral regimens

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 19470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nittaya Phanuphak ◽  
Nipat Teeratakulpisarn ◽  
Frits van Griensven ◽  
Nitiya Chomchey ◽  
Suteeraporn Pinyakorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Acute Hiv ◽  
Sex With Men
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