scholarly journals Consideration of Insurance Reimbursement for Physical Activity and Exercise Programs for Patients With Diabetes

JAMA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 305 (17) ◽  
pp. 1808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Pahor
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Exercise Programs ◽  
Insurance Reimbursement ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Physical Activity And Exercise

scholarly journals Factors affecting energy and macronutrient requirements in elderly people

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (2b) ◽  
pp. 561-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrck Ritz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Exercise Programs ◽  
Physical Activity And Exercise

AbstractObjectives:(i) to describe energy and macronutrient requirements in healthy and diseased elderly patients from knowledge acquired about the age-related changes in energy balance (ii) to describe changes in body composition and the consequences of physical activity and exercise programs.Results:Aging in individuals considered healthy is associated with a reduction in muscle mass and strength (with consequences on autonomy), and an increase in fat mass mainly in the central area, the latter might increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Body composition changes can be seen as a positive energy (fat) balance. The reduced fat-free mass is responsible for a low resting metabolic rate. Therefore, energy requirements are reduced all the more since physical activity is decreased. A simple means for calculating individuals' energy requirements from estimated resting metaboc rate and physical activity is not yet available in a validated form and is much required. Protein requirements are still debated.Exercise programs can be implemented for increasing muscle mass and strength (resistance training) or for improving aerobic fitness and reducing fat mass (endurance exercise). It is not yet clear whether structured exercise programs or spontaneous physical activity have similar advantages. It is not known in which cases resistance, endurance, or a combination of both exercises should be recommended. The consequences of physical activity and exercise programs on energy and macronutrient requirements is not clear.Diseased elderly persons are prone to malnutrition which impairs clinical and functional outcome. Malnutrition is the result of an energy intake inadequate to match energy requirements. Literature is very short of data on energy requirements in diseased elderly persons, who are under the complex influences of stress (increasing resting energy requirements), reduced body mass and physical activity (reducing energy requirements), plus potential effects of drugs. Almost nothing is known about macronutrient requirements.Conclusions:Further studies are required to enable calculations of energy and macronutrient requirements of individuals, especially diseased. More work has to be done to understand the energy imbalance in the elderly (healthy and diseased). Careful evaluations of physical activity and exercise programs are necessary.

Sport und Bewegung mit und nach Krebs – wer profitiert, was ist gesichert?

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (05) ◽  
pp. 309-315
Author(s):  
Karen Steindorf ◽  
Martina Schmidt ◽  
Philipp Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Physical Capacity ◽  
Exercise Programs ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Physical Activity And Exercise ◽  
Activity Recommendations

AbstractA growing number of literature reports positive effects of physical activity and exercise. These effects concern prevention, mortality and progress of cancer. Furthermore they show a reduction of disease- and treatment-specific side effects, which implies a better patients’ quality of life. Evidence shows a decreased mortality risk in patients with physically active cancer of colon, breast, ovaries and prostate. Activity recommendations for patients with cancer do not differ from those for healthy persons. However, a decrease in physical activity can be observed in many cancer patients after diagnosis, and this fact concludes to a reduced physical capacity – although just physical capacity helps to overcome the burden of medical treatment and to recover. In fact, tailored exercise programs can counteract a decrease in physical capacity successfully. Further they reduce side effects such as fatigue, incontinence and lymphedema. Moreover, first studies report a positive influence on: chemotherapy-induced polyneuropathies, cancer-related cognitive impairments, bone health and sleep. Finally, an enormous number of investigations showed that exercise interventions can improve psychosocial factors (e. g. mood and self-esteem). Except for very few conditions, such as extremely impaired blood cell counts and days when cardio- or nephrotoxic drugs are given, physical activity should be recommended. Especially during medical treatment, physicians and therapists are prompted to interact closely in order to prevent general activity prohibitions. Physical activity and exercise programs represent a unique and low-cost chance for cancer patients to influence the course of their own disease positively. More effort is necessary to improve professional activity offers for cancer patients and survivors and to specify activity recommendations.

scholarly journals Effects of physical activity on cognitive function among patients with diabetes in China: a nationally longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anying Bai ◽  
Liyuan Tao ◽  
Jia Huang ◽  
Jing Tao ◽  
Jue Liu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Lagged Dependent Variable

Abstract Background We aimed to examine the effect of physical activity on different cognitive domains among patients with diabetes. Methods We used two waves of data from the Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2013–2015), a nationally representative dataset of Chinese population aged over 45. Total physical activity scores were calculated based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Executive function and episodic memory were used as measures of cognitive function. We conducted lagged dependent variable models to explore the association between physical activity and cognitive function in full sample as well as two different age groups (45–65, ≥65). Results: 862 diabetic patients were included. We found that diabetic participants who had greater level of physical activity at baseline were associated with better episodic memory function in 2 years (p < 0.05). Moreover, physical activity was significantly associated with less decline in episodic memory in fully adjusted models, and the associations were stronger among patients aged 45–65 years (p < 0.05). No statistically significant association was found between physical activity and executive function in all age groups. Conclusions Physical activity may prevent some of the potential decline in episodic memory in diabetic patients. Clinicians and public health departments should strengthen the promotion of physical activity and develop early screening tools among diabetic participants to prevent the progression of cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Physical Activity Advice and Counselling by Healthcare Providers: A Scoping Review

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 609
Author(s):  
Uchenna Benedine Okafor ◽  
Daniel Ter Goon
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Physical Activity Advice ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Physical Activity And Exercise

Background: Despite scientific evidence on prenatal physical activity and exercise, synthesized evidence is lacking on the provision of prenatal physical activity and exercise advice and counselling by prenatal healthcare providers. The scoping review seeks to fill this gap by synthesizing available literature on the provision of prenatal physical activity and exercise advice and counselling by prenatal healthcare providers to women during antenatal visits. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) search framework for scoping reviews was applied to retrieve original research articles on the prenatal physical activity and exercise practices of healthcare providers with pregnant women, published between 2010–2020, and available in English. The search databases included Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, EMBASE, The Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), BIOMED Central, Medline and African Journal Online. Studies that fulfilled the eligibility criteria were retrieved for analysis. Results: Out of the 82 articles that were retrieved for review, 13 met the eligibility criteria. Seven of the articles were quantitative, four qualitative, one mixed-method and one controlled, non-randomised study, respectively. Three themes emerged as major findings. Healthcare providers affirmed their responsibility in providing prenatal physical activity advice and counselling to pregnant women; however, they seldom or rarely performed this role. Major barriers to prenatal physical activity and exercise included insufficient time, lack of knowledge and skills, inadequate or insufficient training, and lack of resources. Conclusion: This review highlights salient features constraining the uptake of prenatal physical activity and exercise advice/counselling by prenatal healthcare providers in both community and clinical settings. Prenatal physical activity advice and counselling are key components to the promotion of physical activity adherence during and post-partum pregnancy; this requires adequate knowledge of physical activity prescriptions and recommendations, which are personalised and contextual to environment. Research is needed to examine the prenatal physical activity advice and counselling from prenatal healthcare providers on issues hindering effective delivery of the aforementioned in the context of promoting prenatal physical activity in clinical or community settings.

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