scholarly journals Genetic and Environmental Influences on Alcohol, Caffeine, Cannabis, and Nicotine Use From Early Adolescence to Middle Adulthood

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Kendler ◽  
Eric Schmitt ◽  
Steven H. Aggen ◽  
Carol A. Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Middle Adulthood

scholarly journals Sex differences and developmental stability in genetic and environmental influences on psychoactive substance consumption from early adolescence to young adulthood

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1907-1916 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Baker ◽  
H. H. Maes ◽  
H. Larsson ◽  
P. Lichtenstein ◽  
K. S. Kendler
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Shared Environment ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Substance Consumption

BackgroundGenetic and environmental factors are important in the etiology of substance use. However, little is known about the stability of these factors across development. We aimed to answer three crucial questions about this etiology that have never been addressed in a single study: (1) Is there a general vulnerability to substance consumption from early adolescence to young adulthood? (2) If so, do the genetic and environmental influences on this vulnerability change across development? (3) Do these developmental processes differ in males and females?MethodSubjects included 1480 twin pairs from the Swedish Twin Study of Child and Adolescent Development who have been followed since 1994. Prospective, self-reported regular smoking, alcohol intoxication and illicit drug use were assessed at ages 13–14, 16–17 and 19–20 years. Structural modeling was performed with the program Mx.ResultsAn underlying common factor accounted for the association between smoking, alcohol and illicit drug consumption for the three age groups. Common genetic and shared environmental effects showed substantial continuity. In general, as participants aged, the influence of the shared environment decreased, and genetic effects became more substance specific in their effect.ConclusionsThe current report answers three important questions in the etiology of substance use. The genetic and environmental risk for substance consumption is partly mediated through a common factor and is partly substance specific. Developmentally, evidence was strongest for stability of common genetic effects, with less evidence for genetic innovation. These processes seem to be the same in males and females.

Emotion regulation from early adolescence to emerging adulthood and middle adulthood

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Zimmermann ◽  
Alexandra Iwanski
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Middle Adulthood ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Age Range

Despite the growing research on emotion regulation, the empirical evidence for normative age-related emotion regulation patterns is rather divergent. From a life-span perspective, normative age changes in emotion regulation may be more salient applying the same methodological approach on a broad age range examining both growth and decline during development. In addition, emotion-specific developmental patterns might show differential developmental trends. The present study examined age differences in seven emotion regulation strategies from early adolescence (age 11) to middle adulthood (age 50) for the three emotions of sadness, fear, and anger. The results showed specific developmental changes in the use of emotion regulation strategies for each of the three emotions. In addition, results suggest age-specific increases and decreases in many emotion regulation strategies, with a general trend to increasing adaptive emotion regulation. Specifically, middle adolescence shows the smallest emotion regulation strategy repertoire. Gender differences appeared for most emotion regulation strategies. The findings suggest that the development of emotion regulation should be studied in an emotion-specific manner, as a perspective solely on general emotion regulation either under- or overestimates existing emotion-specific developmental changes.

Heritability of Verbal and Performance Intelligence in a Pediatric Longitudinal Sample

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inge L.C. van Soelen ◽  
Rachel M. Brouwer ◽  
Marieke van Leeuwen ◽  
René S. Kahn ◽  
Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Twin Design ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Extended Twin Design ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Longitudinal Twin Study

The longitudinal stability of IQ is well-documented as is its increasing heritability with age. In a longitudinal twin study, we addressed the question to what extent heritability and stability differ for full scale (FSIQ), verbal (VIQ), and performance IQ (PIQ) in childhood (age 9–11 years), and early adolescence (age 12–14 years). Genetic and environmental influences and correlations over time were evaluated in an extended twin design, including Dutch twins and their siblings. Intelligence was measured by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children — Third version (WISC III). Heritability in childhood was 34% for FSIQ, 37% for VIQ, and 64% for PIQ, and increased up to 65%, 51%, and 72% in early adolescence. The influence of common environment decreased between childhood and early adolescence from explaining 43% of the phenotypic variance for FSIQ to 18% and from 42% for VIQ to 26%. For PIQ common environmental influences did not play a role, either in childhood or in early adolescence. The stability in FSIQ and VIQ across the 3-year interval (rp) was .72 for both measures and was explained by genetic and common environmental correlations across time (FSIQ, rg= .96, rc= 1.0; VIQ, rg=.78, rc= 1.0). Stability of PIQ (rp=.56) was lower and was explained by genetic influences (rg= .90). These results confirm the robust findings of increased heritability of general cognitive abilities during the transition from childhood to adolescence. Interestingly, results for PIQ differ from those for FSIQ and VIQ, in that no significant contribution of environment shared by siblings from the same family was detected.

Longitudinal Genetic Analysis of Internalizing and Externalizing Problem Behavior in Adopted Biologically Related and Unrelated Sibling Pairs

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja C. Huizink ◽  
Mijke P. van den Berg ◽  
Jan van der Ende ◽  
Frank C. Verhulst
Keyword(s):  
Problem Behavior ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Sibling Pairs ◽  
Externalizing Problem Behavior ◽  
Externalizing Problem ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Over Time

AbstractTo obtain a better understanding of how genetic and environmental processes are involved in the stability and change in problem behavior from early adolescence into adulthood, studies with genetically informative samples are important. The present study used parent-reported data on internalizing and externalizing problem behavior of adoptees at mean ages 12.4, 15.5 and 26.3. In this adoption study adopted biologically related sibling pairs shared on average 50% of their genes and were brought up in the same family environment, whereas adopted biologically unrelated sibling pairs only shared their family environment. The resemblance between these adopted biologically related (N = 106) and unrelated sibling pairs (N = 230) was compared and examined over time. We aimed to investigate (1) to what extent are internalizing and externalizing problem behavior stable from early adolescence into adulthood, and (2) whether the same or different genetic and environmental factors affect these problem behaviors at the 3 assessments. Our results show that both internalizing (rs ranging from .34 to .58) and externalizing behavior (rs ranging from .47 to .69) were rather stable over time. For internalizing and externalizing problem behavior it was found that both genetic and shared environmental influences could be modeled by an underlying common factor, which explained variance in problem behavior from early adolescence into adulthood and accounted for stability over time. The nonshared environmental influences were best modeled by a Cholesky decomposition for internalizing behavior, whereas a time-specific influence of the nonshared environment was included in the final model of externalizing behavior.

Genetic and Environmental Influences on Gambling and Substance Use in Early Adolescence

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Vitaro ◽  
Amy C. Hartl ◽  
Mara Brendgen ◽  
Brett Laursen ◽  
Ginette Dionne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Environmental Influences

scholarly journals Genetic and environmental influences on non-specific neck pain in early adolescence: A classical twin study

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 791-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Ståhl ◽  
A.A. El-Metwally ◽  
M.K. Mikkelsson ◽  
J.J. Salminen ◽  
L.R. Pulkkinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Environmental Influences
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