scholarly journals Major Depression Following Traumatic Brain Injury

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo E. Jorge ◽  
Robert G. Robinson ◽  
David Moser ◽  
Amane Tateno ◽  
Benedicto Crespo-Facorro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Major Depression

Traumatic Brain Injury

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vani Rao
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Chronic Alcoholism ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychiatric Disturbances ◽  
Psychotic Features

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of disability in the United States, with an incidence of about 1.5 million cases per year (National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Panel, 1999). It is associated with both neurologic and psychiatric consequences. Although the neurologic problems usually stabilize with time, the psychiatric disorders often continue to remit and relapse. Factors associated with the development of psychiatric disorders include older age, arteriosclerosis, and chronic alcoholism, all of which interfere with the reparative process within the central nervous system. Other contributors to psychiatric disability include a pre-TBI history of psychiatric illness, illicit drug abuse, and lack of social support. Because post-TBI psychiatric disturbances interfere with rehabilitation and cause emotional and financial burden for patients and caregivers, early diagnosis and treatment are important. Post-TBI psychiatric disturbances are best classified according to their clinical presentation. These disturbances are discussed below and their pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment strategies are recommended. The mood disturbances most commonly associated with TBI are major depression, mania, anxiety, and apathy. Major depression is seen in about 25% of people with TBI. Symptoms of major depression include persistent sadness; guilt; feelings of worthlessness; hopelessness; suicidal thoughts; anhedonia; and changes in patterns of sleep, appetite, and energy. Sometimes these symptoms may be associated with psychotic features such as delusions and hallucinations. It is important to remember that changes in sleep, appetite, or energy are not specific to the syndrome of major depression and may be due to the brain injury itself, or to the noise, stimulation, or deconditioning associated with hospitalization. If due to the latter conditions, gradual improvement occurs with time in most patients. Sadness in excess of the severity of injury and poor participation in rehabilitation are strong indicators of the presence of major depression. The presence of poor social functioning pre-TBI and left dorsolateral frontal and/or left basal ganglia lesion have been associated with an increased probability of developing major depression following brain injury ( Jorge et al., 1993a; Jorge et al., 2004). Major depression should be differentiated from demoralization, primary apathy syndrome, and pathologic crying.

scholarly journals Risk of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Major Depression in Civilian Patients After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray B. Stein ◽  
Sonia Jain ◽  
Joseph T. Giacino ◽  
Harvey Levin ◽  
Sureyya Dikmen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Stress Disorder

Age and Major Depression After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Rapoport ◽  
Scott McCullagh ◽  
David Streiner ◽  
Anthony Feinstein
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

The serotonin transporter polymorphisms and major depression following traumatic brain injury

Brain Injury ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 471-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florance Chan ◽  
Krista L. Lanctôt ◽  
Anthony Feinstein ◽  
Nathan Herrmann ◽  
John Strauss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Serotonin Transporter

Suicidal Behavior and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Major Depression

2004 ◽  
Vol 192 (6) ◽  
pp. 430-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Oquendo ◽  
Jill Harkavy Friedman ◽  
Michael F. Grunebaum ◽  
Ainsley Burke ◽  
Jonathan M. Silver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Suicidal Behavior

Diagnosing Major Depression Following Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury – Evidence-based Recommendations for Clinicians

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald T Seel ◽  
Stephen Macciocchi ◽  
Jeffrey S Kreutzer ◽  
Darryl Kaelin ◽  
Douglas I Katz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Dsm Iv

While major depression (MD) is the most common psychiatric disorder following traumatic brain injury (TBI), diagnosing MD can be challenging due to cognitive, emotional and somatic symptoms that overlap with TBI and other psychiatric disorders. Current evidence suggests that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) works well in the TBI population. The presence of ‘organic’ TBI sequelae that overlap with DSM-IV MD criteria do not appear to lead to false-positive MD diagnoses. Rumination, self-criticism and guilt may best differentiate depressed from non-depressed persons following TBI. Anxiety, aggression, sleep problems, alcohol use, lower income levels, poor social functioning and negative thinking are primary risk factors for the development of MD following TBI. Current evidence suggests that the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 is the best self-report scale option for depression screening after TBI. Apathy, anxiety, dysregulation and emotional lability require careful clinical consideration when making a differential diagnosis of MD in persons with TBI. Research indicates that asking specific questions about depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure and psychosocial functioning yields the most accurate diagnosis. Practical recommendations are provided on how clinicians can improve MD diagnostic accuracy.

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