Evaluation of amino acid and protein requirements in chronic uremia

1970 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 855-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Gulyassy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Chronic Uremia

The influence of supplementing rapidly degraded fibre with different forms of nitrogen on microbial protein synthesis in sheep

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 92-92
Author(s):  
S. Chikunya ◽  
E. L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivative ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Current Systems

There is controversy in the literature concerning the effect of amino acid (AA) and peptide nitrogen on microbial activity in ruminants fed diets high in structural carbohydrates. Microbial protein is the most variable and uncertain element of current systems of evaluating protein requirements for ruminants (ARC, 1984). Some of the variability is attributed to the multiplicity of techniques for estimating microbial yield, some of which are both imprecise and cumbersome. This study investigates the effects of different forms of nitrogen on microbial activity in sheep fed a rapidly degraded fibrous basal diet and attempts to validate the recently developed purine derivative (PD) technique by comparing it to other procedures used to estimate microbial protein synthesis under the same conditions.

scholarly journals Protein Requirements of Elderly Chinese Adults Are Higher than Current Recommendations

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 1208-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deqian Mao ◽  
Fengge Chen ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Ping Bai ◽  
Yanhong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Amino Acid Oxidation ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Elderly Chinese

ABSTRACT Background Due to a lack of research data on the protein requirements of the elderly in China, the estimated average requirement (EAR) and the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) of protein in the elderly remain the same as those in young and middle-aged people at 0.98 g/(kg·d). Objective The objective of this study was to determine the protein requirements of healthy Chinese adults >65y old through use of the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) method. Methods Seven healthy adult men and 7 healthy adult women participated in the study, with protein intakes ranging from 0.3 to 1.8 g/(kg·d). The diets were isocaloric and provided energy at a 1.5 resting energy expenditure. Protein was given based on the lactalbumin. Phenylalanine and tyrosine were added to protein doses of 0.3–1.5 g/kg according to the highest dose of protein content [1.8 g/(kg·d)]. Phenylalanine and tyrosine concentrations were kept constant at each protein dose. The mean protein requirement was determined by applying a nonlinear mixed-effects model analysis to the F13CO2, which identified a breakpoint in F13CO2 in response to graded amounts of protein. This trial was registered with the Chinese clinical trial registry as ChiCTR-BOC-17010930. Results Protein EAR and RNI for healthy elderly Chinese adults were determined to be 0.91 and 1.17 g/(kg·d), respectively, based on the indicator amino acid oxidation technique. Conclusions The estimates of protein requirements for Chinese adults >65 y in the present study are 3.4% and 19.4% higher than the current estimated requirements, 0.88 g/(kg·d) for EAR and 0.98 g/(kg·d) for RNI.

scholarly journals Indicator amino acid oxidation protein requirement estimate in endurance-trained men 24 h postexercise exceeds both the EAR and current athlete guidelines

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (5) ◽  
pp. E741-E748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Bandegan ◽  
Glenda Courtney-Martin ◽  
Mahroukh Rafii ◽  
Paul B. Pencharz ◽  
Peter W. R. Lemon
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Pattern ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Amino Acid Oxidation ◽  
Protein Requirements

Despite studies indicating increased protein requirements in strength-trained or endurance-trained (ET) individuals, the Institute of Medicine has concluded that “no additional dietary protein is suggested for healthy adults undertaking resistance or endurance exercise,” and the controversy regarding exercise effects on protein requirements continues. The objective of this study was to determine the dietary protein requirement of healthy young ET men (≥1 yr training experience) 24 h post exercise (to minimize any acute effects of the previous training session) by measuring the oxidation of ingested l-[1-13C]phenylalanine to 13CO2 in response to graded intakes of protein (indicator amino acid oxidation technique). Eight men [maximal oxygen consumption 64.1 ml·kg−1·min−1 (SD 3.7)] were each studied 24 h postexercise repeatedly with protein intakes ranging from 0.3 to 3.5 g·kg−1·day−1. Protein was fed as an amino acid mixture based on the protein pattern in egg, except for phenylalanine and tyrosine, which were maintained at constant amounts across all protein intakes. For 2 days before the study day, all participants consumed 1.6 g protein·kg−1·day−1. The estimated average requirement (EAR) for protein was determined by applying a nonlinear mixed-effects change-point regression analysis to F13CO2 (label tracer oxidation in 13CO2 breath), which identified a breakpoint in the F13CO2 in response to the graded amounts of protein. The EAR for protein and the upper 95% confidence interval were 2.1 and 2.6 g·kg−1·day−1, respectively. These data suggest that the protein EAR for ET men 24 h postexercise exceeds the Institute of Medicine EAR and established athlete guidelines by ~3.5- and 1.3-fold, respectively.

scholarly journals Human Amino Acid and Protein Requirements: Current Dilemmas and Uncertainties

1989 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Millward ◽  
A. A. Jackson ◽  
Gillian Price ◽  
J. P. W. Rivers
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Requirements

Control of Muscle Protein Synthesis as a Result of Contractile Activity and Amino Acid Availability: Implications for Protein Requirements

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (s1) ◽  
pp. S170-S176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Rennie
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Amino Acid Availability ◽  
Separate Pathway

The major anabolic influences on muscle are feeding and contractile activity. As a result of feeding, anabolism occurs chiefly by increases in protein synthesis with minor changes in protein breakdown. Insulin has a permissive role in increasing synthesis, but the availability of amino acids is crucial for net anabolism. We have investigated the role of amino acids in stimulating muscle protein synthesis, the synergy between exercise and amino acid availability, and some of the signaling elements involved. The results suggest that muscle is acutely sensitive to amino acids, that exercise probably increases the anabolic effects of amino acids by a separate pathway, and that for this reason it is unlikely that accustomed physical exercise increases protein requirements.

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